History of Science

The outer core is predominantly made up of liquid iron and nickel, as well as some lighter elements like sulfur and oxygen. This molten material gives rise to Earth's magnetic field through convective currents. It is not composed of rock in the traditional sense, as it exists in a liquid state due to the high temperature and pressure found in the Earth's core.

Hydrogen was discovered first in 1766, while promethium was discovered much later in 1945.

Genetics is the study of genes, heredity and variation of living organisms in biology. Molecular genetics supports evolution as its processes work in combination with the environment and experiences of an organism to influence their development and behavior.

The stage of the cell cycle where a cell's nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei is called mitosis. Mitosis is responsible for producing two identical daughter cells with the same genetic material as the parent cell.

The thick bitter liquid derived from soaking the bark of leaves of many plants is called "tannin." Tannin is a type of polyphenol compound that gives plants their astringent taste and is often used in tanning leather or in the production of certain beverages like wine and tea.

A rhizoid holds a moss or liverwort in the ground.

Acorns are not considered prey because they are a food source for animals rather than living organisms that are actively hunted or consumed for sustenance. Acorns are part of the ecosystem's natural food chain as a primary food source for many animals, such as squirrels and birds.

Looking at the solar spectrum, the curve peak is around wavelength 0.45(microns) falling under the ultraviolet band. This ultraviolet band runs from 0.30 - 0.45. This curve then drops off rapidly and exponentially when under "air mass 0" conditions (outer space) in "air mass 1" conditions (the earths surface) the spectrum follows this curve, with intensity's reduced however as our atmosphere adsorbs some wavelengths better than others the curve tends to jump too and from the trend while still maintaining the exponential decline as seen under air mass 0 conditions. So in short ultraviolet I guess would be the sortest answer ^-^ -Jason MEng

Tornadoes don't have names. Instead they are usually referred to by where they occur. The most significant tornadoes in recent U.S. history are the Tuscaloosa-Birmingham, Alabama tornado of 2011, the Hackleburg, Alabama tornado of 2011, and the Joplin, Missouri tornado of 2011.

Two tornado that are exceptions to this rule of thumb are the Tri-State tornado and the tornado of the elevens. The Tri-State tornado is so called for having carved a 219 mile long damage path across parts of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. The tornado of the elevens touched down at 11:11 pm on November 11, 1911, killing 2 and injuring 9 for a total of 11.

photosynthesis-The chemical process by which green plants make organic compounds from atmospheric carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight. Since virtually all other forms of life are directly or indirectly dependent on green plants for food, photosynthesis is the basis for all life on earth.

it is related to respiration by the fact that both produce energy usable by the cell.

I believe it was hurricane Ike in 2008. Even though it was a CAT 2 storm, it carried the surge of a CAT4-5 at 20 feet in Galveston Bay Texas, due to it's extreme size. It caused coastal damage to the entire gulf coast from Texas to Florida. It made landfall in Galveston TX as a strong CAT 2 on Sept 13th 2008

According to Wikipedia:

As it neared landfall, Ike became the largest Atlantic tropical cyclone in recorded history on September 11, 2008 - measuring 900 miles in diameter.

Ike is also credited with being the 3rd costliest storm to ever hit the United States.

Ice covers Antarctica to an average thickness of 2,133 meters (7,000 feet). If all the Antarctic ice melted, because all this ice is on land, it would raise sea levels around the world by about 61 meters (200 feet). The events that would be necessary to cause this though, would require an external event such as an asteroid hitting the planet.

The mineral commonly found in all three metamorphic rocks slate, schist, and gneiss is mica. Mica is a group of minerals known for their perfect cleavage, flexibility, and mineral composition, which make them prevalent in metamorphic rocks.

The local time when the sun is at its highest point in the sky is known as solar noon. This does not always correspond with 12:00 PM due to factors like daylight saving time and the Earth's tilt. It is when the sun is at its highest elevation angle for that specific location.

The volume of the chest cavity is reduced on exhalation. Imagine your lungs are balloons. Imagine the volume of a balloon full of air, compared to when it is not inflated. The balloon has a greater volume when it is inflated than when it is deflated - just like the lungs do!

Mendel concluded that traits are inherited through discrete units called genes, which come in pairs and are passed down from parents to offspring. These genes determine the physical characteristics, or traits, of an organism.

The Great Tri-State Tornado, which occurred on March 18, 1925, was the deadliest tornado in U.S. history. It had a path of approximately 219 miles across Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, with estimated wind speeds of up to 300 mph. The tornado caused widespread destruction, resulting in over 700 fatalities and thousands of injuries.

Centrifugal energy refers to the outward force generated when an object rotates around a central point. This force pushes objects away from the center of rotation and is often experienced in situations such as spinning rides or centrifuges used in laboratories.

The annual average sunlight hours vary greatly among states in the US. Generally, states in the Southwest region receive the most sunlight hours per year, with Arizona and Nevada averaging around 3,800 hours. States in the Pacific Northwest and Northeast typically receive fewer sunlight hours, with Washington and Oregon averaging around 2,000 hours per year.

That would likely be a mechanical or longitudinal wave, where the particles of the medium oscillate back and forth along the direction of wave propagation, creating the motion. Examples include sound waves and seismic waves.

Scientists use GPS technology to measure the rate of tectonic plate movement. GPS receivers on different plates can track their movement relative to each other to provide information on the speed and direction of plate motion.

Blood groups were discovered by an Austrian physician named Karl Landsteiner in 1901. He identified the ABO blood group system, which categorizes blood into different types based on the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

The mantle was not discovered by a single individual, but its composition and properties were studied and understood through the work of multiple scientists over time. Scientists such as Alfred Wegener, Arthur Holmes, and Inge Lehmann made significant contributions to our understanding of the Earth's mantle.

Adaptive Radiation :)