HIV and AIDS

HIV-positive. Being HIV-positive means that the individual has been exposed to the virus and their immune system has produced antibodies against it, which can be detected through blood testing. It does not necessarily mean they have developed symptoms of HIV or AIDS.

Herpes Simplex Virus travels through tiny breaks in the skin or mucous membranes in the mouth or genital areas. Even microscopic abrasions on mucous membranes are sufficient to allow viral entry.

HIV is a retrovirus as it transcribed mRNA into DNA. It invades a host cell and uses the cells machinery to copy its own genetic material. This produces multiple copies of the virus within the host cell, which then ruptures releasing the virus and the process is repeated.

The Western blot test is often used as a confirmatory test after a positive ELISA result for HIV. It is more specific but can also produce false positive results due to its high sensitivity. Consulting a healthcare provider for interpretation of test results and appropriate follow-up is important in HIV testing.

HIV primarily targets the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells, also known as T-helper cells. By depleting the body's CD4 cells, HIV weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections and diseases. This can lead to the development of AIDS if left untreated.

One example of a poison produced by some pathogens that harms the body's cells is tetanus toxin. This toxin is produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani and can cause muscle rigidity and spasms by interfering with neurotransmitter release.

No, HIV cannot attach itself to a muscle or a skin cell because the antigens on the HIV membrane are not complementary to their binding sites. However, HIV can attach itself to a helper T cell because the antigens on the HIV membrane are complementary to the binding sites of the helper T cells.

The virus attaches to a specific receptor on the host cell membrane, allowing it to enter the cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis or direct fusion with the host cell membrane in the second step of the lytic cycle.

HIV targets the immune system's CD4 cells, which are crucial for fighting off infections, leading to a weakened immune system over time. Additionally, HIV can integrate its genetic material into the host cell's DNA, making it difficult to eradicate from the body. These characteristics make HIV unique compared to other viruses.

HIV does not survive well outside the body.It can be killed easily outside the body. If you have no open cuts or wounds on the area in which the fluid has come in contact with, simlpy deactivate the virus. Ways to kill the virus while it is outside the body are:

* Heat * Hand soap * Hydrogen peroxide * Anything with 25% alcohol * Bleach * Lysol or any other disinfectant

Immunoblotting and Western blotting are essentially the same technique. Western blotting is a specific type of immunoblotting where proteins are separated by gel electrophoresis and then transferred to a membrane for detection using antibodies. Immunoblotting is a broader term that refers to any technique that uses antibodies for detection of proteins on a membrane.

Red blood cells carry oxygen fro the lungs to the body cells. A red blood cell is made mostly of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen molecules. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and have no nuclei.

The Lewis structure of CNS- consists of a central nitrogen atom bonded to a sulfur atom and a carbon atom, with a single bond between each pair of atoms. The nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons.

HIV mutates rapidly due to the high error rate of its reverse transcriptase enzyme, leading to diverse viral strains. Additionally, immune system pressure selects for variants that can evade detection or control, contributing to the large number of immunological variants of HIV.

Gram-positive is a result of the Gram staining technique, developed by Danish scientist Hans Christian Gram (1853 - 1938).

Bacteria can have two types of cell walls. Gram-Positive bacteria have a relatively thick layer of peptidoglycan. Gram-negative bacteria have a much thinner layer of peptidoglycan.

There are 4 basic steps to a Gram-staining.

# The smear is flooded with a primary stain (such as crystal violet). This generally ends up staining all cells within the smear. # The smear is rinsed to remove excess dye, and a mordant such as an iodine solution is flooded onto the smear. A mordant is a substance that increases the affinity of cellular components for a dye.

# The smear is rinsed again, removing all excess dye. The smear is then briefly washed with a 95% alcohol or a alcohol-acetone mixture. This mixture acts as a decolorizing agent. If the color is washed away then you are dealing with a Gram-negative bacteria (thin layer of peptidoglycan).

# A counterstain is applied to the rest of the smear as a contrasting color to the now colorless Gram-negative bacteria (typically the red dye safranin). The Gram-positive bacteria remains violet because the dye was never decolorized because of the thick peptidoglycan cell wall.

The gist of this is that Gram-positive bacteria will absorb the dye within their thick peptidoglycan cell wall component and resist the effects of decolorizing alcohol. Gram-negative bacteria will easily lose the dye from their thin peptidoglycan component of the cell wall. The significance of this test allows Microbiologists, Doctors, etc to fight the bacteria with certain specific antibiotics.

The medical term for a scientist who studies AIDS is "HIV/AIDS researcher" or "HIV/AIDS scientist."

Unlike other algae, euglenoids have one animal-like characteristic that allows them to be heterotrophs under certain conditions.

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than wtf is it??? that's sort of the damn question -_-

for a fungal infection, your T cells destroy it, for a bacterial infection your plasma cells destroy it

Think about what happens to the gas (air) inside the syringe when the temperature decreases. As the gas cools it will occupy a smaller volume and thus the syringe plunger will move DOWN the barrel.

No, isopropyl alcohol should not be used to preserve meat as it is toxic and not safe for consumption. For preserving meat, it is recommended to use proper refrigeration, freezing, curing, or canning methods.

no hiv virus is very fragil, must have direct contact with mucus membrane, once exposed to air it weakens considerably, the chlorine in water would kill it. If you drink it, no. If you insert it vaginally, maybe. No it cannot transmit HIV. When semen mixes with water the hydrogen bonds weaken because of the pylase in human sperm. This combined with the proteins in the HIV virus neutralize the possibility of transferring HIV through water consumption.

The canarypox virus has been genetically modified to carry specific HIV genes that can trigger an immune response without causing HIV infection. This modified virus is being studied as a potential AIDS vaccine because it can stimulate the immune system to recognize and target HIV, potentially providing protection against the virus.

In coomassie staining, a dye binds to all proteins, visualizing all of them. In this way, it's nonspecific. The dye diffuses into the the original gel.

In a western, an antibody binds specifically to one or more proteins, making it specific for proteins to which the antibody can bind. In order for the antibody to access the proteins from the original gel, they are moved (blotted) to the surface of a membrane (usually nitrocellulose).

HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, is itself a pathogen.
HIV is a virus.
HIV itself is a pathogen Human Immunodeficiency virus cause HIV/AIDS disease it belongs to retro virus which has ability to convert mRNA to DNA the reverse transcription and possess reverse transcriptase enzyme

The pathogen that causes AIDS is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 T cells, and weakens the body's ability to fight infections and diseases. Without treatment, HIV can progress to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).