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Immune System

This category is for questions about how our bodies identify and fight off disease, infection or pathogens through specialized cells, tissues and organs. The system that does this is called the immune system. It produces antibodies which recognize intruders and neutralizes potentially pathogenic organisms or substances.

4,548 Questions

Does crystal meth weaken immune system?

some studies have revealed that it does weaken the immune system

Why does the lack of B cells cause an immune system to be defective?

The lack of B cells is known as an Inherited immunodeficiency diseases and usually means you will have to be kept away from sick people till the B cell matures.

How does a animals immune system fight agai nst bse disease?

BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, is a prion disease in bovine mammals, notably cows. Because the causative agent is not living and is in fact related to 79 proteins naturally occurring in bovines, the immune system does not recognize the protein as a pathogenic agent and thus is unable to mount a resistance against it. Therefore, the immune system of any animal infected with a prion disease is unable to fight against it.

How is the pathogen transferred to the host?

The pathogen can be transferred to the host in a number of ways, from contact to the transfer of bodily fluids. If someone sneezes that can be a way of contracting the pathogen in the air, for you may breathe it in. There are also waterborne diseases.

What product is best for auto immune deficiency?

My daughter has a auto immune deficiency. I don't understand it fully. From what I do understand there are different types of auto immune deficiencies. My daughter has something that causes her kidneys to not hold onto water and salt. She would get dizzy and sometimes get a greenish tint to her skin when she would get dizzy. She had a tilt table test study done and she is now on a drug called Flourdicortizone. This drug has been working great for her.

What is present in a vaccine to make white bloood cells create antibodies?

A vaccine usually contains a weakened form of the virus, strong enough to trigger your immune response but weak enough to be defeated by it.

How do you make a decision with very little information?

With caution, and the willingness to admit, as well except the consequences for the choice that you make.

What is the quickest way to get rid of a soor throat?

Cepacol has cough drops specifically for sore throats. They completely numb your throat. This will not get rid of your sore throat but will relieve it for some time. You can always gargle with sea salt and water as well. HTH.

Is an antimicrobial drug useful if it prevents growth of a pathogen but does not kill it?

antimicrobial drug means antibiotic,mostly it will kill other pathogens and do not harm it self so i think antimicrobial drug is useful to prevent the pathogen and the disease.

but while thinking the other side it may be harmful because the corresponding organism can survive and can also cause other diseases related to the corresponding organism so its useful and also harmful.

What does it mean when you feel your stomach flutter could it be a muscle or tape worm?

its most likely a trapped nerve. i get this every now and again too and im pretty sure i dont have worms.

Where is the immune system in the body?

The immune system of the human body is located throughout the body. It has to do with our thyroid, and adrenal glands. The white blood cells we have are perhaps the most important aspect for fighting off illness.

What are Symptoms for Asthma and best medicine for Asthma?

Asthma inflames and constricts your bronchial tubes, which are essential tools in helping you breathe correctly. Symptoms include breathing difficulties, chest pain and wheezing, which vary in intensity depending on the severity of your asthma. Traditional medicines can help prevent and control asthma symptoms, and most are prescribed by a doctor. There are alternative treatments available to help relieve asthma symptoms, including black seed.

"theblessedseed.com" You can check the benefits of black seed regarding asthma here.

What are the 7 disease causing capabilities of pathogens?

The seven capabilities of a pathogen are:

maintaining a reservoir
getting to and entering a host
adhering to a body surface
invading the body
evading the body's defenses
multiplying in the host
leaving the body

What invades th body and quickly multiples?

Viruses invade the body and quickly multiplies. Some types of cancer cells also multiply quickly.

What are the fundamentals for peaceful living?

The fundamentals for peaceful living are tolerance and equality.

What is the primary immune system?

The immune response occurring on the first exposure to a foreign material in the body.

This reaction is by both the innate and acquired immune system, the innate acting first (non specific) and the acquired developing to produce antibodies and T killer cells specific to the invading microorganism.

The innate immune system (that which is always active and is non specific) primarily involves neutrophils, a type of white blood cell specialised to release many different chemicals for signalling and is able to phagocytose (engulf and digest) foreign materials such as bacteria. On doing this is dies. At a site of infection under microscopy you will see lots of dead neutrophils, they are the main component of pus. Another of the primary responses is swelling, caused by vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in the area/site of the tissue and cell damage.
When undergoing an innate response it is (unless caused by an autoimmune disease) a response to cell damage. When cells are damaged (such as by trauma, virus or bacterium) they release arachidonic acid, which is used by neutrophils when present to create substances to help vasodilate and increase the permeability of venule and capillary walls near the area. This is acute inflammation and initial neutrophil response. Coagulation factors and increased platelet synthesis also occurs (responsible for sealing off bleeding and creating a barrier if necessary to temporarily replace skin lost at the site of the wound).

The acquired response is a specific response based on the invading material. If a bacterium or virus is present and detected, macrophages will engulf and digest it, and present antigens/epitopes of the invader on their surface and 'alert' the B and T lymphocytes using these. The B and T cells reside in lymph nodes. The B-lymphocytes with the correct paratopes (receptors) will differentiate to memory cells and generate antibodies specific to shapes on its surface (antigens/epitopes) which will agglutinate and help destroy the invading cells or organisms.The T killer cells will destroy affected cells, T helper cells will assist B cells in multiplying and differentiating to plasma cells, that can then produce the specific antibodies.

The secondary response involves mainly memory cells, this is the response that occurs on the second entrance of a microorganism or virus that has been encountered before and dealt with by the primary response. I mentioned that B cells differentiate to plasma cells when triggered by the macrophages presenting the foreign epitopes (recognition sites). Well they also differentiate into long lived memory cells. Memory cells can differentiate straight into plasma cells in the secondary response and produce antibodies straight away without having to wait for the macrophages to present and B cells to multiply and so on. This makes the secondary response faster, more efficient, more specific and produce more antibodies in total. This is the theory of vaccinations, you will develop memory cells specific to the injected material so that if you contract the microorganism or virus in a real situation you will be able to kill it off before it accumulates to a serious level.

See a graph for a visual explanation. It takes less time and has more antibodies generated during the secondary response that the first.