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Immune System

This category is for questions about how our bodies identify and fight off disease, infection or pathogens through specialized cells, tissues and organs. The system that does this is called the immune system. It produces antibodies which recognize intruders and neutralizes potentially pathogenic organisms or substances.

4,548 Questions

Who was the first person edward Jenner injected with his new vaccination?

On May 14, 1796, Jenner injected a "healthy" patient, an eight year old boy named James Phipps, with the cowpox virus. Later, he deliberately injected the boy with the smallpox virus. The patient did not succumb to smallpox, even after repeated injections. Jenner "treated" a total of thirteen patients using cowpox as a vaccine.

What would cause fluttering or movement under the skin in the legs?

The fluttering movement under a persons skin is muscles trying to relax, but the nerve endings is basically what a person feels. The nerve endings a part of the muscles and the last thing to relax in a body.

What are two main categories of leukocytes?

The two categories are granulocytes and agranulocytes. Granulocytes have visible cytoplasmic granules. Examples of granulocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Agranulocytes have no visible cytoplasmic granules. Eamples of agranulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes.

How are antigens removed from bacteria?

Macrophages ( in the lymph nodes ) act like phagocytes to engulf and digest the pathogen. But they do not fully digest it. They separate out the antigens and incorporate them into a cell surface molecule. This is exposed on the surface of the macrophage, which becomes known as an antigen-presenting cell. Its function is to find the lymphocytes that can neutralise that particular antigen.

Which juice boost the imune system?

There a few juices that you can get to help boost the immune system. The best juice to get would be orange juice.

What is polymorphous population of lymphocytes consistent with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia?

A polymorphous population of lymphocytes is usually a good sign; More of a reactive process.

A monomorphic population is suspicious for lymphoma. Hope this helps.

Can someone become immune to the depo shot?

I have never heard of becoming immune to a birth control method.

I have had rheumatoid arthritis for 25 plus years and recently had some blood work done and had a low lymphocyte count of 22.5. What does this mean?

My guess would be that if you have been under treatment for RA for 25+ years you would not be a stranger to steroidal anti inflammatory like prednisone or disease modifying drugs such as Methotrexate or Plaquinil, The use of Both of these medications can lead to a lowering of Lymphocytes. I have added a link to the related links below ( How to Understand What Causes a Low Lymphocyte Count ) to aid you in getting a better understanding of this situation. However what it boils down too is that the methods used to fight the inflammation that does the damage in RA is to interfere with the immune system to a degree where inflammation is reduced and this can lead to other imbalances.

What does the medical abbreviation ASO mean?

ASO stands for antistreptolysin-O, which is an antibody your body makes against streptococcus bacteria.

Do people with asthma have weaker immune systems?

yes, because people with athsma have trouble breathing so their immune system gets weaker.

What is the difference between opsonization and neutralization?

Opsonization involves an antibody binding to a pathogen itself while neutralizing invovles an antibody binding to a toxin, AKA something the pathogen produces.

What is an antigen and how does the immune system use them?

Antigens are majorly organic molecules which are not familiar to the organism itself. and starts immune response.

What does pathogens and microbes have in common?

Microbes is a more global term for small living creatures. Some have negative impact on our system when they intrude our body, called pathogens. They interfere with reactions in our body.

What are oncofetal antigens?

proteins made by genes that are very active during fetal development but function at a very low level after birth. The genes become activated when a malignant tumor arises and produce large amounts of protein