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Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases or communicable diseases arise from illnesses caused by fungi, viruses, protozoa, bacteria or parasites. These infections can be transmitted through body fluids, airborne inhalation and contaminated foods or objects.
4,892 Questions
What are two facts about measles?
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms include a high fever, cough, runny nose, and a characteristic red rash. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent measles.
Is there a natural treatment for tinea pedis?
Doctor Sofen, a dermatologist in Los Angeles wrote this:
Other Treatment
Tea tree oil, found in health food stores, can be applied to the feet to treat athlete's foot. Tea tree oil is an antifungal and antibacterial agent derived from the Australian Melaleuca alternifolia tree.
Compresses or foot soaks using nonprescription Burow's solution may be used to help soothe and dry out blister-like (vesicular) athlete's foot infections. After the skin is dried out, antifungal creams or prescription antifungal pills may be used.
However they also added this warning:
Treatment Overview
If untreated, skin blisters and cracks caused by athlete's foot can lead to severe bacterial infections. Treatment of athlete's foot depends on the type and extent of the fungal infection.
- Athlete's foot can usually be treated with antifungal creams.
- Although symptoms may decrease or stop shortly after treatment begins, it is important to complete the full course of prescribed medication. This increases the chance that the infection will not return.
- Reinfection is common, and athlete's foot needs to be treated each time symptoms develop.
- Severe cases may require foot soaks before applying antifungal creams. If there is no improvement, antifungal pills may be prescribed. However, antifungal pills are expensive and may cause side effects. Athlete's foot can return even after antifungal pill treatment.
- Severe infections that appear suddenly (acute) usually respond well to treatment. Long-lasting (chronic) infections can be more difficult to cure.
- Toenail infections (onychomycosis) that can develop with athlete's foot tend to be more difficult to cure than fungal skin infections. See the topic Fungal Nail Infections for more information.
My words: Do not soak your feet in chlorine bleach as some people have done. Your skin is like a sponge and this can have lethal effects. It is okay to soak you feet in hydrogen peroxide, but I would follow the dermatologist's words. Our family dermatologist says the same thing as Dr. Sofen. You also should keep your feet dry and avoid conditions that will cause your feet to sweat. Avoid public showers or wear thongs/zorries in a public shower. It was recommended to people that infected people should wear socks with sandals and to use the medications faithfully even after symptoms seem to disappear. Follow directions of the natural products carefully.
Can Clostridium Difficile be cured?
Yes, Clostridium difficile infection can be cured with appropriate antibiotic treatment, such as metronidazole or vancomycin. In some cases, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may be necessary for recurrent infections. It is important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
How to prevent exposure to airborne or bloodborne pathogens during CPR?
To prevent exposure to airborne or bloodborne pathogens during CPR, it is important to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, a mask, and eye protection. Ensure proper hand hygiene before and after performing CPR. Avoid direct contact with blood or bodily fluids by using a barrier device such as a CPR face shield or pocket mask.
Any type of bat can potentially carry the rabies virus. It is important to keep a safe distance from all bats in order to reduce the risk of exposure to rabies. If you suspect you have been bitten or scratched by a bat, seek medical attention immediately.
Serratia marcescens is a good bacterium for science students to grow in culture because it produces a distinct red pigment, making it visually striking to observe. Additionally, it grows rapidly and is relatively easy to culture in a laboratory setting, allowing for convenient study of bacterial growth conditions and characteristics. Furthermore, it is non-pathogenic to humans, making it safe for handling in educational settings.
Why is serratia marcescens commonly used in science experiments?
Because; Let me specify;Serratia marcescens is a motile,short rod-shaped, Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe bacterium, classified as an opportunistic pathogen. It was discovered in 1819 by Bartolomeo Bizio in Padua, Italy. Bizio named the genus Serratia in honor of and Italian physicist named Serratia, and chose marcescens for the species name after the Latin word for decay [3]. Serratia marcescens was first thought to be harmless (non-pathogenic). Due to its ability to produce red pigmentation, it was first used in 1906 as a marker in order to trace bacterial activity or transmission [4]. It was not until later in the 1950's that the US government experimented with the Serratia marcescens and the harmful affects that the bacteria causes were revealed. A study using Serratia marcescenswas carried out to determine the possibility of biological weapons being transmitted by wind current. In the famous "Operation Sea Spray" the US Army filled balloons with Serratia marcescens and exploded them over San Fransisco. Serratia marcescenswas chosen because it was easily tracked due to its pigment production. However,there was an increase in the number of pneumonia and urinary tract infections [1] reported in the region shortly after the experiment was conducted . Although Serratia marcescens was classified as a human pathogen in the 1960s, scientist still used it as a bacterial tracer well into the 1970s [10].
Optimally, Serratia marcescens grows at 37°C, but it can grow in temperatures that range from 5-40°C. They grow in pH levels that range from 5 to 9 [14].Serratia marcescens is well known for the red pigmentation it produces called prodigiosin. Prodigiosin is made up of three pyrrole rings [15] and is not produced at 37°C, but at temperatures below 30°C [20]. The red pigment production is not present in all strains but in those that it is present, it can resemble blood [10]. This and the fact that Serratia marcescens typically grows on bread and communion wafers stored in moist places, has led scientists to suggest Serratia contamination as a possible explanation for transubstantiation miracles (the conversion of bread to the body and blood of Christ). For example, the story of the Miracle of Bolsena states that, in 1263, a priest with doubts of Christ's presence in the consecrated Host presided over a mass in the Basilica of Bolsena. After speaking the words of consecration, blood began to drip from the consecrated Host onto his hands and the altar [1]. This event was depicted by Raphael on the walls of the Vatican [19].
Are infectious diseases caused by people not washing their hands?
Infectious diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, including poor hygiene such as not washing hands. However, they can also be caused by other means such as airborne transmission, contaminated food or water, and being in close contact with an infected person. While hand-washing is an important preventive measure, it is not the sole cause of infectious diseases.
Where can bacillus anthracis be found?
Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax, can be found in soil and animal products contaminated with spores. It is commonly found in regions where livestock have been infected with anthrax. It is important to note that anthrax is not typically found in humans or in urban environments.
Who are the most common victims of bacillus anthracis?
Bacillus anthracis commonly infects herbivores, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, which are the most common victims of the disease. However, humans can also become infected through contact with infected animals.
What is an pathogen to measles?
Technically a 'pathogen' IS measels. A pathogen is a fancy name for Bacteria. And a pathogen is a bacteria that IS a certin disease. Hencforth, the answer to your question would be measles IS its own pathogen.
Which of the following terms describes the spread of influenza across Europe after the war?
The term that describes the spread of influenza across Europe after the war is "Spanish flu."
Does anthrax affect DNA or RNA?
Anthrax primarily affects the body by producing toxins that interfere with cellular functions, rather than directly targeting DNA or RNA. The toxins produced by the anthrax bacteria disrupt cell signaling pathways and lead to cell death.
Absolutely. Cats can definitely get rabies. Cats tend to get the "furious form" of rabies. Typical signs are inability to eat due to paralysis in the throat, aggressive nature, unprovoked attacks, drooling, seizures, death. The other form of rabies is the "dumb form" that you may see in especially wild animals where they are acting out of character for them- like approaching people/being friendly, being out and about at the wrong time of day for them (like a fox out in the daytime when they normally come out at night). cats can show both forms, but the furious is more common.
What body system is affected by influenza?
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How are cyanobacteria different from other bacteria?
A cyanobacteria obtains its energy from photosynthesis and bacteria can get energy from almost anything. Bacteria can survive in soil, water, hot springs, waste, and in the Earth's crust and cyanobacteria cannot.
Differences between gram positive and negative bacteria in table?
Best Answer By: Mohamed Ahmed A. XeriyeBiology Teacher
they are different so many aspects among :
1. the peptidoglycan layer is absent from grma-ve bacteria while its present in gram +ve bacetria.
2. techoic acids are present in gram - positive, and absent from gram - negative bacteria
3. the outer membrane is absent from gram - positive, and present in gram - negative
there are so many differences between them.
What is the common name for clostridium tetani?
The common name for Clostridium tetani is tetanus bacteria. It is a bacteria that produces a toxin causing tetanus infection.
What is the gram stain for measles virus?
Measles virus is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus and does not have a cell wall structure that can be stained with the Gram stain. Instead, measles virus particles can be visualized using specialized staining techniques such as immunofluorescence or electron microscopy.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus gram stain?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) appears as purple clusters under a Gram stain, indicating that it is a Gram-positive bacterium. MRSA is a type of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, such as methicillin. Identifying MRSA in clinical samples through Gram staining helps in guiding appropriate treatment strategies.
How did the measles affect the population in the community?
Measles can spread quickly in a community, especially among those who are unvaccinated. It can lead to a high number of infections, hospitalizations, and even deaths, particularly among vulnerable populations such as infants, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems. Outbreaks can strain healthcare resources and disrupt normal routines.
Is influenza considered armed and dangerous?
No, influenza is not considered armed and dangerous. Influenza is a contagious respiratory virus that can cause illness ranging from mild to severe, but it is not a deliberate threat and does not possess any physical weapons or intent to harm.
What are drugs used for vaccine in measles?
The drug used for the measles vaccine is typically a live attenuated virus called the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. It helps the immune system develop protective antibodies against the measles virus, preventing infection and providing immunity.
Yes, cows can get rabies. Rabies can be transmitted to cows through the bite of an infected animal, such as a wild carnivore. It is important for farmers to vaccinate their livestock against rabies to prevent its spread.
