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Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases or communicable diseases arise from illnesses caused by fungi, viruses, protozoa, bacteria or parasites. These infections can be transmitted through body fluids, airborne inhalation and contaminated foods or objects.
4,892 Questions
How can a new born baby be immune to measles?
A newborn baby can acquire immunity to measles if the mother has been previously vaccinated or had natural infection, passing on protective antibodies to the baby through the placenta. This is known as passive immunity and offers protection to the baby until they are old enough to receive their own measles vaccination.
Can white onions contain E. coli?
Yes, all vegetables can contain e-coli if they come in contact with it. In 2006 Taco Bell had to pull all its onions because test showed they were infected. With the spread of CAFOs and commercial farming e-coli in are food has become extremely common.
What insects carry the malaria parasite?
Female Anopheles mosquitoes are the primary insects that carry and transmit the malaria parasite. When an infected mosquito bites a human, it can pass the parasite through its saliva into the person's bloodstream, leading to malaria infection.
Show you in table form the difference between virus and bacteria?
Able to reproduce asexually by cell division
Unable to reproduce on its own, so they invade a host cell.
Genetic material can be transferred between cells
Unable to carry out any usual activities of a living organism
Living organism
Non living organism
Some bacteria can be beneficial to the human body
No viruses are beneficial to the body
Unicellular (one)
No cells as it is not living
Most bacteria can grow on non-living surfaces.
viruses must have a living host to multiply,
Can be treated by antibiotics
Can't be treated by antibiotics but vaccines can prevent the spread and antiviral medications help to slow reproduction but can not stop it completely.
What environment supports clostridium botulinum?
Moist (aw > 0.85) and low acid (pH > 4.6) will support the growth of most pathogens, including C. bot. Depending upon the strain, consider the temperature danger zone from 38°F to 135°F. If you want botulinum toxin formation, it needs to be in an anaerobic environment. That's one reason packaged fresh mushrooms have holes in the overwrap and it's the whole reason for the extensive regulations in the U.S. about Low Acid Canned Foods (LACF) and Acidifed Foods.
See Related Links for a discussion about botulinum toxin formation in seafood.
Can you die from pathogenic bacteria?
Yes, pathogenic bacteria can potentially lead to serious infections that can be life-threatening, especially if left untreated or if the individual has a compromised immune system. Severe infections can lead to sepsis, organ failure, and death. It's important to seek medical attention if you suspect a bacterial infection.
Hedgehogs do not carry rabies. When they have a new smell they like they foam at the mouth and spread it on their quills. This action is often mistaken for rabies. This is NOT rabies - it's called self-annointing. No one really knows why they do it, but this is not rabies
What is the capsule of Bacillus anthracis composed of?
The capsule of Bacillus anthracis is composed of polyglutamic acid, which is a unique feature of this bacterium. This capsule helps the bacterium to evade the host's immune system and contributes to its virulence.
A marker molecule on a cell that the immune system uses to recognize a pathogen?
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are marker molecules on cells that the immune system uses to recognize pathogens. MHC molecules present fragments of pathogens on the cell surface to alert immune cells to the presence of the pathogen. This helps the immune system to target and eliminate infected cells.
What is the name of the anthrax virus?
Antrax is not caused by a virus. It is causeBacillus anthracisd by a bacteria. The name of the bacteria is Bacillus anthracis.
What is the name of bacteria that cause TB?
Sometimes called Hansen's Disease, leprosy is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. A link can be found below for more information.
How does an invasion of bacteria affect the body's normal balance?
An invasion of bacteria can disrupt the body's normal balance by causing infection, inflammation, and symptoms like fever and fatigue. It can also lead to an overactivation of the immune system, which can further disrupt the body's equilibrium and potentially cause more severe health issues.
Can you get germs on your shirt?
you can get germs on virtually anything there is on the planet. microorganisms or "germs" as you called it have the characteristic of being UBIQUITOUS which means they are present everywhere. the good thing is that only a small percentage of the total population of microorganisms can really cause disease.
What is the cause of influenza AH1N1?
the causes of swine fluenza are pigs only kidding imonly tweleve and researching this subject my self so suck on that hahahahaha the causes of swine fluenza are pigs only kidding imonly tweleve and researching this subject my self so suck on that hahahahaha
What are characteristic of bacteria?
Some characteristic features of bacteria include being single-celled organisms, having a cell wall (in most cases), lacking a true nucleus, and reproducing through binary fission. They can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms. Bacteria play important roles in nutrient cycling, digestion, and disease.
Describes a microorganisms or virus that causes disease and that is highly infectious?
The Ebola virus is a highly infectious virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans, with a high mortality rate. It is transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals. The virus can spread rapidly in communities and healthcare settings, leading to large-scale outbreaks.
What are the side effects of measles?
Measles does not have "side effects." Measles is a disease and therefore has symptoms. From the Mayo Clinic database, these symptoms can include: fever, dry cough, runny nose, sore throat, inflamed eyes (conjunctivitis), sensitivity to light, Koplik's spots and / or a skin rash made up of large, flat blotches. These symptoms appear after about two weeks of incubation.
Diseases caused by viruses or bacteria?
DiseaseCausing Agent
Infection / TransmissionAIDSHuman T -cell Leukemia Virus HTLV-IIIblood and sperms , thru sexual contact homo or heterosexual)AscariasisAscaris lumbricoidesraw vegetables infected with eggsAthletes' FootTrichophytonbad foot hygieneBacillary DysenteryShigella Dysenterieflies, food, faecesBotulismClostridium botulinumfood poisoningChickenpoxVaricella ViruscontactCholeraVaribrio Choleraeflies, food , faeces, carriersCommon ColdRhino ViruscontactDengueDengue Virus (arbovirus)Aedes MosquitoDiarrheaGiardia intestinaliscontaminated stoolsDiphtheriaCorynebacterium diptheriae ( Bacteria)contactFilariasisWuchereria bancroftimosquito, infection in lymph nodes and lymphatic vesselsGonorrhoeaDiplococcus ( Neisseria gonorrhoeae)sexual intercourseHerpesHerps ViruscontactHook worm diseaseAncylostoma Duedenalefaiseces and walking barefoot.Influenza FluOrthomixoviruscontactkala azarLeishmania Donovaniinfected sand flyLeprosyMycobacterium LepraeLong and close contactMeaslesMeasles virus (ParaMyxoVirus)contactMumpsMumps Virus (Paramyxovirus)contact, virus in saliva spreadsoriental SoreLeishmania Tropicainfected sand flyPinworm DiseaseEnterobius Vermicularis caecumingestion of eggs contaminated foodPlagueYersinia PestisRat FleaPneumoniaDiplococcus pneumoniaebacteria transmission by contact.PoliomyelitisPolio Virus or Enterovirushouseflies, food and waterRabiesrhabdovirusmad dog bitesRingwormMicrosporum Trichophytoncats and dogsSeptic Sore ThroatStreptococcus BacteriacontactSleeping SicknessTryponosoma Bruceireaches lymph nodes via transmission thru fly bitesSmallpoxVariola ViruscontactSyphilisTreponema Palladiumdirect contact mainly sexTBMycobacterium tuberculosisBacteria transmission by coughTetanusClostidium tetanibacteria in soil thru woundsTyphoidSalmonella TyphiFlies, food etc.VaginatisTrichomonas VaginalisFemale Vaginal tracts, Male Urinary Tract both may be infected during coitusViral Encephelitisarbovirusmosquito BiteWhooping coughHameophilius Pertussiscoughing and sneezing (by basura bandara)
What type of gram is H1N1 bacteria gram-positive or gram-negative?
neither...it is a virus, and gram-staining, a microbiology tool, is not used to help identify or classify a virus
What diseases are associated with Serratia Marcescens?
Serratia marcescens can cause a range of infections including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, wound infections, and bloodstream infections. It is often seen in healthcare settings and can be particularly dangerous for individuals with weakened immune systems.
How do ticks get infected with the Lyme disease bacteria?
Ticks get infected with the Lyme disease bacteria when they feed on an infected animal, such as mice or deer. The bacteria then multiply and are passed on to other hosts, including humans, through the tick's bite while feeding.
How many people have died of the hantavirus?
Since the hantavirus was first identified in 1993, there have been a few hundred reported cases in the United States. The mortality rate for hantavirus infection is around 36%.
What are 5 different natural defenses of the body?
Five natural defenses used by the body are:
The Skin: The skin is the body's first line of defense and includes the mucus membranes and enzymes/acids found on the surface. The skin acts as a barrier and prevents most pathogens from entering the body.
Mucus membrane: Found in lungs and nasal passages, the mucus membrane along along with the hair lined in the nasal cavity helps to collect debris that has entered the respiratory system.
Acids and Enzymes: Highly corrosive hydrochloric acid found in the stomach along with enzymes in the digestive tract destroys microorganisms that enter the digestive system.
Inflammation: This is the second line of defense. When the wound allows pathogens to pass through the first line of defense, the body will isolate the infected area by shrinking the capillaries in that area in one side so that the blood flowing can flush the region. This causes edema, or redness in that area, and the inflamed area can push on pain receptors, which can cause pain. On some occasions, it can also cause fevers to prevent reproduction of the pathogens. The area will be cleaned to a lymph node where phagocytes can take care of the pathogens.
Cell-mediated immunity: The third and last line of defense, there are several white blood cells that contribute to this defense.
The B cells come in two varieties, one type produces antibodies to neutralize microbes in the bloodstream so that the phagocytes can destroy them. The other, known as memory B cells, help to remember the pathogen in case the same one attacks. This type of immunity is known as specific immunity because only certain antibodies can attach to a certain microbe.
The T cells first need to mature within the thymus, where it grows to be an effective lymphocyte. There are several types of T cells, but the main ones are helper T cells, memory T cells, and cytotoxic T cells. The memory T cells, like memory B cells, helps to identify the pathogen in case of a second infection. The helper T cells activate B cells and macrophages for faster immune response. The cytotoxic is non-specific and destroys any pathogens that it comes across.
If the person who has had both their MMR jabs has a weak immune system - which may be due to them being too clean - they will probably catch measles. If the MMR jabs didn't work, they will get measles. If the MMR jabs worked, that person won't get measles unless they have a weak immune system (as mentioned above). There really isn't a definite answer to this question - they might get measles, they might not. It depends on if the MMR jabs worked and the strength of their immune system.
Does hand sanitizer kill the good or bad germs in your hand?
Hand sanitizer kills both good and bad germs on your hands. It is important to remember that some good bacteria are necessary for maintaining a healthy microbiome on your skin. It is recommended to use hand sanitizer when soap and water are not available and to not rely on it as a daily hygiene routine.
