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Intel 8086 and 8088
The Intel 8086/8088 family of microprocessors is a 16 bit architecture on a 16 bit (8086) or an 8 bit (8088) bus. The 8088 was the processor in the original IBM PC, and has evolved into the most popular processor used today in PC's and servers.
1,056 Questions
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-Aval Preet Singh
How do you switch from real mode to protected mode in 80386?
To switch from real mode to protected mode in the 80386, set the PE bit in the MSW in CR0, and then immediately execute a JMP to flush the prefetch queue.
How do you identify that jump offset is 8-bit or 16-bit?
By the opcode. E9 - JMP Direct, EB - JMP Short
What is the size of the interrupt vector table in the 8086-8088 microprocessor?
There are 256 different interrupt vectors in the 8086/8088. Each vector is a far CS:IP address, which is four bytes. That makes the interrupt vector table 1,024 bytes.
When did the 8088 processor come out?
Somewhat after the 8086, which was somewhat after the 8085. The 8086 was developed between mid 1976 and early 1978, while the 8088 was developed in 1979.
When an interrupt is serviced then what happens if another interrupt is raised?
It depends on the CPU architecture. Most modern CPUs support several levels of interrupts ranging from high priority to low. If the first interrupt that occurred was a high priority, then a lower priority one occurs, the high priority will continue to execute until it is done, then the the CPU will immediately jump to the lower one. Conversely, if the lower priority interrupt occurred first, it will be interrupted until the higher interrupt is serviced.
For 80x86 series processors, do not confuse priority with vector. You may remember in the older days interrupt 13 belonging to the hard drive, and interrupts 3 and 4 being part of the serial port. This is not a function of the CPU but of the interrupt controller. The function of this device is beyond the scope of my answer here. 80x86 has 2 interrupt sources: maskable and non-maksable. Think of the non-maskable as the higher priority and the maskable as the lower. Most peripherals use the maskable interrupt line. Although a few, often functions of the BIOS, Fault, or Paged/Protected mode make use of the non-masked interrupt.
In explaining a demotion, do not use the terms demotion or demoted. It is better to say reduced role. Focus on past experiences and how those experiences will help in a future higher position.
What do you mean by assembler directives?
For completing all the tasks, an assembler needs some hints from the programmer, i.e. the required storage for a particular constant or a variable, logical names of the segments, types of the different routines and modules, end of file, etc. These types of hints are given to the assembler using some predefined alphabetical strings called assembler directives, which help the assembler to correctly understand the assembly language programs to prepare the codes.
What is the basic difference between MUL and IMUL instruction in 8086 microprocessor?
mul is used for unsigned multiplication whereas imul is used for signed multiplication. Algorithm for both are same, which is as follows:
when operand is a byte:
AX = AL * operand.when operand is a word:
(DX AX) = AX * operand.
But, the difference is that mul instruction multiplies only unsigned numbers whereas imul instruction does the same for signed numbers.
Where is interrupt vector table of 8086 Is it in the RAM or ROM?
Actually By Default this is present in BIOS(ROM) and at the boot time Operating System loads it to the RAM.
Define the extra segment and stack segment?
The extra segment in the 8086/8088 is a 64kb region of memory that is indexed by the displacement address of the destination of certain string operations, relative to DI. Contrast that with the data segment, which is a 64kb region of memory that is indexed by the displacment address of the displacement of most operand addresses.
The stack segment is similar, but it is used for stack oriented data, relative to SP or BP.
Where is interrupt handler and interrupt vector?
In the 8086/8088, the interrupt vector table is the first 1024 bytes of memory. In the 8085, the interrupt vector table is the first 64 bytes of memory if using the RST form of interrupt, otherwise the interrupt vector is provided by the interrupting device, usually in the form of a CALL instruction.
The interrupt handler is wherever the interrupt vector points to.
What is inter segment branch instruction?
The intersegment branch (or far branch) in the 8086/8088 is a branch where both the Instruction Pointer (IP) and the Code Segment(CS) registers are loaded at the same time. You can branch anywhere in memory with an intersegment branch.
Contrast this with an intrasegment branch (or near branch) where only the IP register is loaded. Since the CS register is not loaded, the domain of the branch is only the 64kb segment currently selected by CS.
What am I supposed to write in a format like ''Address Line 1 and 2''?
The first line of your postal address and the second line of your postal address.
But if the second line of your postal address is your town or city check that the next field is not "town/city".
So for example:
Address Line 1: 21, Any Street
Address Line 2: <leave blank>
Town/City: Mytown
or
Address Line 1: Apartment 1234
Address Line 2: 21, Any Street
Town/City: Mytown
WPF stands for Windows Presentation Foundation and it is essentially a new API for creating a graphical user interfaces for the Windows platform. It provides a consistent programming model for building applications and provides a clear separation between the user interface and the business logic. WPF employs the use of 2D and 3D drawing, fixed and adaptive documents, advanced typography, vector graphics,raster graphics, animation, data binding, audio and video thanks to the presence of DirectX in one of the lower levels of its architecture. WPF comes pre-installed on Windows Vista and i based on .NET 3.0. Although like its predecessor, WinForms, it too incorporates the use of buttons, combo-boxes, list-boxes etc, instead of using a designer generated code file or a resource file as the source of a UI definition, it makes use of XAML (Extensible Application Markup Language) which is a unique way of including code in a mark up.
PS: I apologize if this answer seems inadequate for i answered only because of the statement : Even if you can't offer a complete answer, help us get things started
If you are interested in WPF, also check out the Silverlight which is a cross-browser, cross platform plugin, that provides rich web based content to your browser. Silverlight is basically the web implementation of WPF.
Which program segment at run time is used to store interrupt and subroutine return addresses?
If this is a homework assignment, you really should try to answer it on your own first, otherwise the value of the reinforcement of the lesson due to actually doing the assignment will be lost on you.
Interrupt and subroutine return addresses are stored on the stack, so the stack segment is used for interupt and subroutine addresses.
