Intel 8086 and 8088

The effective address is the address generated by the program, after all transformations, such as index registers, offsets, addressing mode, etc. have been made. The physical address is the address generated by the hardware, after performing whatever lookups through the page table, etc. have been made. The effective address, or virtual address, is the concern of the program. The physical address, or real address, is the concern of the operating system.

The data segment register (DS) is a critical component in the architecture of x86 processors, primarily used to point to the segment of memory that contains data. It helps manage memory by allowing the CPU to access a specific area of memory where variables and data structures are stored. By using the DS, the processor can efficiently read from and write to the data segment, facilitating organized memory access in segmented memory models.

A 16-bit address line in a memory location refers to the capability of the address bus to access up to 65,536 unique memory addresses, which is calculated as 2^16. Each address corresponds to a distinct memory location, allowing a system with a 16-bit address line to directly access 64 KB of memory. This limitation is typical in older computer architectures and affects how much RAM can be utilized by the system.

The data link layer typically adds physical addresses (also known as MAC addresses) to its Protocol Data Unit (PDU) to ensure that data is delivered to the correct device on a local network. Additionally, it often includes a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) for error detection, ensuring the integrity of the transmitted data. Logical addresses and the original data payload are not added at this layer; logical addressing is handled at the network layer above it.

The 8086/8088 is a 16 bit computer running on a 20 bit address bus. Processes use a segmented memory architecture to access one of four 64kb memory segments from a physical space of 1mb.

To interface a stepper motor with the 8086 microprocessor using the 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI), you first configure the 8255 in mode 0 for simple I/O operations. The control lines of the stepper motor are connected to the output ports of the 8255. The microprocessor sends a sequence of pulses to these ports to energize the motor coils in the correct order, effectively rotating the motor in steps. To achieve a 90-degree rotation, the number of pulses sent corresponds to the required steps based on the step angle of the motor (e.g., for a 1.8-degree stepper, you would send 50 pulses).

Code segment
assume cs:code
mov si,1500h
mov di,1600h
mov ax,[si]
mov bx,[si+2]
add ax,bx
mov [di],ax
mov [di+2],dx
mov ah,4ch
int 21h
code ends
end

The Program Counter (PC) and Stack Pointer (SP) are 16-bit registers in certain architectures, like the x86 architecture in its real mode, because they are designed to address memory locations directly within a 64KB address space. Using 16 bits allows these registers to hold values ranging from 0 to 65,535, which corresponds to the maximum addressable memory in that mode. This design choice was influenced by the historical context of early computing when memory sizes were smaller and 16-bit processing was common. As architectures evolved, larger registers and addressing modes were introduced to accommodate greater memory requirements.

Intent to offset payment refers to a party's intention to deduct or withhold a payment owed to another party due to a debt or obligation that the latter has to the former. This legal concept is often used in financial transactions or contracts where one party seeks to balance out what is owed against what they are owed. It can arise in various contexts, such as loans, services rendered, or contractual agreements, and typically requires proper documentation to support the offset claim.

The 8086 microprocessor disables the INTR (interrupt request) input upon reset to ensure a stable and predictable startup state. This prevents any pending interrupt requests from being acknowledged immediately after the reset, which could lead to unintended behavior or system instability. By clearing the interrupt flags and disabling INTR, the processor can initialize its internal state and configure its operation before handling interrupts. After reset, the INTR input can be re-enabled through software instructions.

The 8086 microprocessor has several types of flags, categorized into two main groups: status flags and control flags. Status flags include the Zero Flag (ZF), Sign Flag (SF), Parity Flag (PF), Carry Flag (CF), and Overflow Flag (OF), which indicate the outcome of arithmetic and logical operations. Control flags include the Direction Flag (DF), which determines the direction of string operations, and the Interrupt Flag (IF), which enables or disables interrupts. Additionally, there is a Trap Flag (TF) used for single-step debugging.

8085 is a microprocessor designed by Intel

arm executes all instrctins in single cycle.but controller takes more than one cycle

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set. The maximum is the highest value, while the minimum is the lowest value in that set. The range is calculated by subtracting the minimum from the maximum, indicating the spread of the data. Together, these measures provide insights into the distribution and variability of the data.

The data structure that best supports indirect addressing mode is the linked list. In a linked list, each element (or node) contains a reference (or pointer) to the next element, allowing for dynamic memory allocation and easy traversal. This structure is particularly effective for indirect addressing because it enables the ability to access elements without needing to know their physical memory addresses directly. Additionally, it allows for efficient insertions and deletions, which are beneficial in scenarios where the data size can change frequently.

* Direct * Register Indirect * Based Mode * Indexed Mode * Scaled Indexed Mode * Based Indexed mode * Based scaled indexed mode * Based Indexed mode with displacement * Based scaled indexed mode with displacement

it has 8 data buses and 16 adress buses....that is why it an 8 bit microprocessor

7: 27 = 128

It depends on the particular simulator. You need to be more specific in your question.

Generally, the bit size of a processor is indicated by the size of the accumulator, which is, most times but not always, the same as the internal data bus size. The 8086/8088 processor, for instance, is a 16 bit processor. The 8085 is an 8 bit processor. The 80386 is a 32 bit processor. The Q6600 Core2 Quad is a 64 bit processor. (These are just examples.)

One might be able to get more appropriate traffic to their website or email address if the words that make it up describe it in some way, or are logical.

318 Tech Drive.

Because the processor is a 16 bit processor, and 64k is what you can address with a 16 bit processor.