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Intel 8086 and 8088
The Intel 8086/8088 family of microprocessors is a 16 bit architecture on a 16 bit (8086) or an 8 bit (8088) bus. The 8088 was the processor in the original IBM PC, and has evolved into the most popular processor used today in PC's and servers.
1,056 Questions
Why physical address is in hexadecimal?
The physical address is in binary, just like everything else in the computer. Other bases, such as octal, (decimal,) and hexadecimal are simply representations for our convenience.
The number of memory locations that a CPU with 16 bit program counter can address is?
The number of memory locations that a CPU with 16 bit program counter can address is 65,536. However, the 8086/8088 has a segmented architecture giving a total addressibility of 20 bits or 1,048,576 locations. Without changing the code segment register, though, you can only access 65,536 locations.
What is 31-bit addressing on a mainframe?
31 bit addressing is a way of accessing the virtual memory. Based on the memory available the bit in the address can change. Or viceversa. for 31 bit the memory available is gb and for 24 bit its 16mb.
How do I address an envelope with both a physical address and a mail drop?
In the USA if a letter or parcel contains both a street address and a PO box #, the post office is supposed to deliver to which ever is written on top, but in reality it may all go to the PO Box
What are the phases execution of instruction unit in EU?
1. Debate
2. Ponder
3. Write a 1,000 page referendum
4. Have a big long protest
5. Change the decision
6. Write a 2,000 page apology
7. And in the end, do bugger all.
How the Intel give number to their 8085 and 8086 microprocessor?
Intel named the 8085 after the 8080. The 5 means it runs on a single +5V power supply, as opposed to the 8080 which needed +5V, -5V, and +12V. The predecessors of the 8085 were the 8080, 8008, 4040, and 4004.
Intel named the 8086/8088 after the 8085. It was considered the logical continuation of the 8085 family, but as a true 16-bit processor. The 8086 is a 16-bit computer running on a 16-bit bus. The 8088 is the same 16-bit computer, but it runs on an 8-bit bus, and it was the heart of the first IBM PC.
What is bit handling instructions in microprocessor and micro controllers?
Microprocessor has only one bit Handling instruction.
It can control only one bit.
Where has when it comes to Micro-controller it has maximum Bit handling instructions.
Example: SETB P1.3 - > Setting Pin3 of port 1
How do you register a used firearm?
depends on state laws and county laws most time take the searial numbers not the gun again not the gun to your local sheriffs dept and have them run the numbers just hope its not hot and it would not hurt to have a bill of sell yoy know like if you buy an old car this way you have proof you bought it all this is only needed if its a pistol long arms which are any riffle or shotgun over 18.5 inches only need to be registered if you are going get them insured but with pistols they have to be registered so your pistol perment will be any good depends on state laws and county laws most time take the searial numbers not the gun again not the gun to your local sheriffs dept and have them run the numbers just hope its not hot and it would not hurt to have a bill of sell yoy know like if you buy an old car this way you have proof you bought it all this is only needed if its a pistol long arms which are any riffle or shotgun over 18.5 inches only need to be registered if you are going get them insured but with pistols they have to be registered so your pistol perment will be any good
How are microprocessors used in photocopier?
The role of a microprocessor in a photocopier controls the display on the front of the machine. Also the microprocessor sends signal to the motor to move parts of the photocopier, so that the paper can come out.
How many addressing techniques are there in Excel?
There are 3 types of cell addressing or cell referencing mechanisms in Excel. They are relative, mixed and absolute.
What is the development tools for microprocessor 8086?
Program Development tools:-
It is the process of program design, development, implement, translation, testing, debugging and maintenance.
2 types of program development tools :-
Hardware development tools:-
It contains PC, Printer and emulator.
Software Devlopment tools:-
It contains
a. Text Editor
b. Pre-Processor
c. Assembler
d. Compiler
e. Linker
f. Loader
g. Debugger
h. Exe converter
i. Library builder
Whom does the poet address in these lines from the excerpt?
There is insufficient information in the question to answer it. You did not provide "these lines". Please restate the question.
The 8088 is an 8 bit bus implementation of an 8086, which is a 16 bit processor. The reason for providing the 8088 variant is simply to minimize the hardware cost and complexity of designing a system to use the 8088. This is the approach used for the first IBM PC. Some implementations, such as the Tandy 1000SX, used the 80186, a highly integrated version of the 8086, in a 16 bit bus configuration. Later versions, in order to increase performance, went ahead and provided 32, 64 and 128 bit bus implementations of advanced processors.
And, no, the 8086 is not a multiprocessing computer. It is a single processor. Intel did not get into multiprocessing until the Xeon and the Pentium IV.
How many address lines would be required for a 2K?
In the 2k*16 , the 11 address lines are required and the 16 input-output lines are required..
How do you secure micro braids?
Secure micro braids with a rubber band at the end of the braid. Place it where the slip know was created. The rubber band must be wrapped around the braid several times to make it as tight as possible.
How many multiplexed lines in 8086?
The address lines A0..A15 are multiplexed with the data lines D0..D15 on the pins AD0..AD15
What products are offered by Royal Cash Registers?
Royal Cash Registers offers cash registers and cash register related products. These include register keys, ink ribbons, rolls of paper and wet covers.
XLAT instruction converts the contents of AL register into a number stored in a memory table,this instruction perform the direct table look up technique often used to convert one code to another.An XLAT instruction 1st add the contents of this AL to BX to form a memory address within a data segment .It then copies the contents of this address into AL.This is the only instruction that adds an 8 bit number to 16-bit number.
How do you use 8 bit register as 16 bit register?
8 bit registers cannot be used as 16 bit registers. The reverse works, however, as the 16 bit general purpose registers of the 8086 and 8088 can be used as pairs of 8 bit registers. AX is divided into AH (high 8 bits) and AL (low 8 bits), and BX, CX, and DX are similarly divided.
Operations on 16 bit and operations on 8 bit registers are similar. So you can do add ah, bl, just as you could do add ax, bx.
What is READ pin in 8085 in microprocessor?
The read pin (RD/) on the 8085 is pin 32. It indicates that external logic should drive the data bus with data during a read cycle. It goes true (low) one half clock cycle after the falling edge of ALE, at which point external hardware should have strobed the content of the data bus to record the low order address bus value. At the same time, READY (pin 35) is sampled. If READY is found to be false (low), the processor holds the state of all lines for one clock cycle and then repeats. One clock cycle after READY is true, the processor samples the data bus. One half clock cycle later, RD/ is set false (high), ending the read cycle, at which point the external hardware must stop driving the data bus. One half clock cycle later, a new machine cycle starts with the rising edge of ALE.
What made the 8088 Intel CPU special compared to its predecessors?
The 8088 was a 16 bit microprocessor implemented on an 8 bit databus.
Password program code in assembly language?
01start: jmp main
02
03 option1 db 0ah, 0dh, "1. OPTION 1 $"
04 option2 db 0ah, 0dh, "2. OPTION 2 $"
05 exit db 0ah, 0dh, "3. EXIT $"
06
07 str1 db 0ah, 0dh, "Press Key: $"
08
09 x db 0ah, 0dh, "You Pressed option 1 $"
10 y db 0ah, 0dh, "You Pressed option 2 $"
11 z db 0ah, 0dh, "End $"
12
13 nvl db 0ah, 0dh, "Invalid Option $"
14
15 one db "1"
16 two db "2"
17 tre db "3"
18
19
20main proc
21
22
23 mov ah,09h
24 lea dx,option1
25 int 21h
26
27 lea dx,option2
28 int 21h
29
30 lea dx,exit
31 int 21h
32again:
33 mov ah,09h
34 lea dx,str1
35 int 21h
36
37 mov ah,01
38 int 21h
39
40 mov bl,al
41
42 cmp bl,"1"
43 je disp1
44
45 cmp bl,"2"
46 je disp2
47
48 cmp bl,"3"
49 je dispexit
50
51 cmp al,one
52 jne n
53
54 cmp al,two
55 jne n
56
57 cmp al,tre
58 jne n
59
60n:
61 mov ah,09h
62 lea dx,nvl
63 int 21h
64 jmp again
65
66
67disp1:
68 mov ah,09h
69 lea dx,x
70 int 21h
71 jmp again
72
73
74disp2:
75 mov ah,09h
76 lea dx,y
77 int 21h
78 jmp again
79
80dispexit:
81 mov ah,09h
82 lea dx,z
83 int 21h
84 int 20h
85
86
87main endp
88end start
When will be the carry flag set?
if the result of an arithmetic operation, consists a carry then the carry flag is set
What is the history of segments registers?
Minicomputers during the late 1970s were running up against the 16-bit 64-KB address limit, as memory had become cheaper. Some minicomputers like the PDP-11 used complex bank-switching schemes, or, in the case of Digital's VAX, redesigned much more expensive processors which could directly handle 32-bit addressing and data. The original 8086, developed from the simple 8080microprocessor and primarily aiming at very small and inexpensive computers and other specialized devices, instead adopted simple segment registers which increased the memory address width by only 4 bits. By multiplying a 64-KB address by 16, the 20-bit address could address a total of one megabyte (1,048,576 bytes) which was quite a large amount for a small computer at the time. The concept of segment registers was not new to many mainframes which used segment registers to quickly swap to different tasks. In practice, on the x86 it was (is) a much-criticized implementation which greatly complicated many common programming tasks and compilers. However, the architecture soon allowed linear 32-bit addressing (starting with the 80386 in late 1985) but major actors (such as Microsoft) took many years to convert their 16-bit based systems. The 80386 (and 80486) was therefore largely used as a fast (but still 16-bit based) 8086 for many years.
Data and/or code could be managed within "near" 16-bit segments within this 1 MB address space, or a compiler could operate in a "far" mode using 32-bit segment:offset pairs reaching (only) 1 MB. While that would also prove to be quite limiting by the mid-1980s, it was working for the emerging PC market, and made it very simple to translate software from the older 8008, 8080, 8085, andZ80 to the newer processor. In 1985, the 16-bit segment addressing model was effectively factored out by the introduction of 32-bit offset registers, in the 386 design.
In real mode, segmentation is achieved by shifting the segment address left by 4 bits and adding an offset in order to receive a final 20-bit address. For example, if DS is A000h and SI is 5677h, DS:SI will point at the absolute address DS × 10h + SI = A5677h. Thus the total address space in real mode is 220 bytes, or 1 MB, quite an impressive figure for 1978. All memory addresses consist of both a segment and offset; every type of access (code, data, or stack) has a default segment register associated with it (for data the register is usually DS, for code it is CS, and for stack it is SS). For data accesses, the segment register can be explicitly specified (using a segment override prefix) to use any of the four segment registers.
In this scheme, two different segment/offset pairs can point at a single absolute location. Thus, if DS is A111h and SI is 4567h, DS:SI will point at the same A5677h as above. This scheme makes it impossible to use more than four segments at once. CS and SS are vital for the correct functioning of the program, so that only DS and ES can be used to point to data segments outside the program (or, more precisely, outside the currently-executing segment of the program) or the stack.
In protected mode, a segment register no longer contains the physical address of the beginning of a segment, but contain a "selector" that points to a system-level structure called a segment descriptor. A segment descriptor contains the physical address of the beginning of the segment, the length of the segment, and access permissions to that segment. The offset is checked against the length of the segment, with offsets referring to locations outside the segment causing an exception. Offsets referring to locations inside the segment are combined with the physical address of the beginning of the segment to get the physical address corresponding to that offset.
The segmented nature can make programming and compiler design difficult because the use of near and far pointers affects performance.- yogeshwar Nair
It seems that MS provided an Add-in for VS 2005 to develop WPF.
