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Journalists
Journalists are those who collect and disseminate information on people, current events, issues and trends. Their work is acknowledged as journalism. Journalists include reporters, editors, as well as visual journalists.
1,697 Questions
What is the context of emedded journalist?
Embedded journalism refers to a reporting practice where journalists are stationed with military units in conflict zones to provide firsthand reports. This practice allows journalists to closely observe and report on military operations while facing potential risks and challenges associated with being in a combat zone. Embedded journalism aims to provide a unique perspective to audiences but also raises concerns about bias and independence in reporting.
What are the 7 steps in journalizing?
The 7 steps in journalizing are: identify the transactions, analyze the transactions, decide the accounts impacted, record the transaction in the journal, post the transaction to the ledger, prepare a trial balance, and prepare financial statements.
What are the working conditions for a journalist?
Hardly any that I've found so far. The job is extremely interesting, gets you out meeting amazing people and is filled with tons of little perks.
The only thing is you'll have to accept the fact that not 100 per cent of people are going to like you all the time and that sometimes, in order to cover the story fairly and accurately, you will end up upsetting a source (sometimes one you really like.) Sources aren't friends.
The general public will also criticize your work heavily at times, whereas in other jobs your failures are only known around the workplace.
But if you have a think skin, or are willing to develop one, the job is awesome.
1-people will disagree quite a lot leading to many upsets.
like what we see now on TV programs every one says his point of view regardless of whether right or wrong.apart from decent style to talk.
2-you will have the risk of being offended by what other people say.
for example .public figures feel danger and fear even if they didn't do any thing wrong.
3-the spread of rumors,lies and incorrect information.
a fake news story or a piece of political propaganda can easily "go viral" and millions of people will believe it because they see it in many places . even when some news is denied doesn't take the same uproar that have been tallied.
4-more freedom make the media today don't respect privacy.
5-Bad words in the media has become widespread and is part of freedom.
What options for gcses do you need to be a fashion journalist?
Your GCSE choices don't really come into it. As long as you have a grade C or above in the core subjects (in particular ENGLISH) you should have the criteria to get into almost any college. The subjects you pick in college are what's important because your school subjects don't really affect your career choice. Picking Art & Design could help you on the more practical side of the industry..
While your at school just pick the subjects you enjoy and are good at because the overall grade you get is what matters, not so much the subject :)
Journalist who wrote one of the first articles that popularized the muckraking?
Ida Tarbell was a journalist who wrote one of the first articles that popularized the muckraking movement. Her series on the Standard Oil Company exposed its monopolistic practices and helped lead to the breakup of the company.
How can you contact Tom Brokaw?
You can mail letters to him at 941 Park Ave. NY, NY 10028 according to the Highland Park Library
What role does print and electronic media play in shaping public opinion?
"When complaints are freely heard, deeply considered, and speedily reformed, then is the utmost bound of civil liberty attained, that wise men look for."---Milton
The Media holds the mirror to society and is the powerful channel of communication. Hence, A special duty is imposed on the media; which is universally considered as fourth pillar of the democracy, to not only inform the general public of various issues and subjects but also at the same time to build their opinion and to reflect them in proper form. The freedom of media includes the right to receive and collect information of public importance from all primary and authenticated sources and to disseminate it through all legitimate sources.
The media has gained new dimension, great strength and very sharp transforming the present age into information explosion. The media plays an extremely important role in transmitting the claims of social, economic and political movements to the decision-makers
and the public. A free press and electronic media is an essential attribute today of a democratic polity because only these sources of information can keep not only information flowing freely but also help maintain a constant
dialogue between the policy makers and the masses.
The role of media is not just confined to make information available. It is also to educate people on the key national issues, which are concerned with lives of common people. Media conducts in-depth
critiques, analyses and appraisals by discussing pros and cons of a given policy of government or any issue in an impartial and fair manner. In the process, it brings out what is good or harmful for people. Thus it informs people to oppose or support a given policy. That is how media performs the role of an opinion-maker.
The aggregate result of such approach is that the governments have to be very meticulous in the formulation of policies.
Since media undertakes critical appraisals of policies in a threadbare manner, therefore, it performs the role of a national watchdog. If a government adopts a policy, which is collectively not beneficial, the media can criticize this policy so severely as to arouse people's opposition towards this policy. So powerful is this role of media as a watchdog that the governments have to sometimes withdraw themselves from their stated positions. Therefore this role of media as a protector of public rights is very important for fair and beneficial policy formulation.
This role of media as a representative of masses emerges from the above-mentioned
role as a national watchdog. Through a number of methods and techniques like the columns, interviews, seminars and public forums etc, the media serves to convey the aspirations of people to the top policy makers who may otherwise not know them by other available channels.
Media is also a
unifier of diverse viewpoints. At a time when a national policy may not be in accordance with popular appeal but it is in the larger interest of the country, it does educate the populace about the benefits accruing from adoption of such and such policy for the country. Such situations often arise on issues of diplomacy and foreign policy where policy has to be worked out keeping in view country's strengths and weaknesses not emotionally.
Media has played vital role in educating the peoples and make them aware of almost everything related to their self, their nation and country.
What is print media and what is electronic media?
Print media - Eg : Yellow pages, Newspapers, Business directories, Books, Magazines, posters.
Electronic media: Media that uses electronics to reach audience.
Telegraph, Satellite, Television, Internet, web- downloads, livestreming videos,
Radio, Digital media marketing
What is the role of the entertainment media?
The entertainment media serves to entertain and inform audiences through various forms such as television, film, music, and social media. It can shape public opinion, influence culture, and provide an escape from everyday life. In addition, it offers a platform for artists and creators to showcase their talents and connect with their audience.
What are the terminologies used in print media?
EXCLUCIVE NEWS: Exclusive news is important news. Exclusive news has only one or two channels. For example; if any confers news have only PTV then it exclusive news. SCOOPE: The news has only one news channel or one newspaper. This news is based on the one person investigation and public have interest in this news. REPORTER Reporter is a person who gets the news for the newspaper. EDITOR: A journalist who work with a reporter giving out assignment, dead line, and helping them to craft the stories. SUB EDITOR: His duty to edit the news, and eliminate the unnecessary detail and include the necessary detail. ART EDITOR: His work to make newspaper beautifull.His work to make the newspaper's pictures and material attractively. PROOF READER: A person who read the newspaper and mark error for correction. . ABC: Audit Bureau of Circulation. It's organizations that permit to publish a newspaper DUMMY: A diagram of a newspaper who showing the position of each story, picture and advertisement. FOLIO: In the newspaper on the top, page no, and etc called folio. BANNER HEADLINE: A. big in length. B. big in font. C. important news. Is news that stretching across the top of the page and it is important news approximately of 8 columns. .HEAD LINEThe bold line who catches the reader attention and briefly explain the story content. SUB HEAD LINE: The news which gives under the main head line called sub headline. INTRO Mean introduction authentic part of news called intro CORRESPONDENT: A reporter assigned to cover work away from the home office in an other city state or country. LEAD: First Para of any journalistic story is called news, or information in any story is called journalistic story. JUMP To take the news one page to another . FOLLOW UP Follow up is extension of news. CAPTION:The line written under the photo that explains what is happening in the photo. ADITORIAL: Own view of news paper. Editorial is persuasive column written to explain the newspaper official opinion on a particular issue. ADITORIAL NOTEThe note written by editors on different topic on current happening are called editorial note. EDITION:An special page or pages given by a newspaper a daily newspaper some time has more then one edition a day for example ; city edition, women edition, children edition. BOXED NEWS: Refers to tight that is framed in a bored to give it promises. The box is some times filled with shaded area. BYLINE: The line of credit given to the author of the story or the line published of the name of reporter. (Reference) DEAD LINE: The line in the beginning of news where the date is written. CREDIT LINE:Is the photographers byline. The name of the person or organization responsible for making and distributing a photo usually appearing small type under the reproduce pictures. FIVE W: Who What When Which Where KILL: To eliminate all part of the story. MUST: This has to be publishing if the editor write "MUST" on it. PLAY DOWN\ UP:Any important news making unimportant called play down and its opposite called play up. SOFT NEWS\ HARD NEWS:Statement news called soft news Publican news called hard news. FILLER: Short information story or advertisement usually time less used to fill small spaces where needed. PAD: To make a story longer by using more word then are necessary. HOLD: For release means instruction to hold a story until the editor releases it for publication. PLAGIARISM:Passing of as once own work that of another person. PRESS RELEASe: Specially prepared news items for the press for the publication. PRESS BRIEFING: For clearness or add to more in news. WHAT IS NEWS?A report of currant happing or happening a newspaper or on TV, RADIO, etc. News is something told as having just happened. News is a report about new thing and happening. SOURCES OF NEWS INTERNETThe internet is a world wide publicly accessible inter connect computer network that transmit data by using the standard inter protocol it is a network of net works that consist of million of smaller domestic academic business and government network which together carry various information and services such as else. Mail online chat files transfer and other resources of www. Internet is a very good source of news. We can get current information. It provides us fresh and latest news it sometime it give us with detailed history of it. INTERVIEWAn interview is a conversation b/w two or more people including interviewer and interviewee where question are asked by the interviewer to obtain information we can get in information of any celebrity by interviewing. Interview can be formed on information. FORMAL INTERVIEW:Are those interviews which are preplanned. . INFORMAL INTERVIEW:Are those interviews which are not preplanned and can be conducted anywhere maybe in any public place. COURTS:Are also are very authentic source of news different unknown are announced in courts. Judgments of cases are also considered news confers. News can be gather by attending different live confers. We get new issue and solution by such confreres report or invited by the authorities to attend the confers and information. SEMENAR:A seminar is similar to presentation. Seminar is generally a form of academic instruction either at uni or offered by a commercial or professional organist. This is an often an accomplished by a dialogue with a seminar leader or instructor or through in more informal presentation or research. It is relatively informal at least compare to the lecture system of academic instruction in " Europe" a seminar may be large lecture courses specially when conduct of by a renown thinker. PRESS REALSEA news releases, press releases, or press statement is a written or recoded communication directed a member of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news values. Commercial press releases distribution services are used to distribute press releases. A press release is different from a news article. The use of a news releases common in the field of public relation, the aim of which is to attract favorable media attention for products marketed by the clients. HANDOUTS: Handouts are something given freely without compensation it can refer to material handed out for presentation purposes during the great depression. Many people lived entirely on handouts of one kind of another. The term government handouts is open apply to both welfare system as well as corporate welfare. FESTIVEL: Festival is an event usually stage by local community which on some unique aspect, of the community among many religious a feast of festival is a set of celebration in honor of GOD or gods when used as in the meaning of the festival more often refers to a religious festival rather then news and art festival news can be collected by attending different festivals. LOCAL GET TO GETHER: Different type of local get to gather are also a very easy source of news this local get to gather can be formal or informal. NEWS AGENCIES: News agencies which gather news and forward it to news channel is also a source of news. News is an organization of a journalist establishes to supply news report to organization. In the news traders for example: news paper, mag, radio, TV broadcast these are known as wire services or news services the major news agency garnally prepare hard news story and features article that can be used by other organization with little or no modification. MONITARING:To monitor or monitoring garnally means to be aware of the state or system by monitoring we mean to view other channels gather news and make your own news. BRIEFING:Briefing is a credible sources of getting information briefing s actually by any spokesman to clear any issue. EYE WITNESSES:Eye witnesses are the best source of gathering news because eye witnesses see it himself more perfectly then any other sources. PERSONAL CONTACTS:News can be gather by personal contacts. If you have good personal contacts then you can get news from different people and from different locality. ETHICS IN PRINT MEDIA 1. APNS 2. PFUJ 3. CPNE 4. PEMRA 1. All Pakistan newspaper's society. 2. Pakistan federal vision of journalist. 3 council of Pakistan's newspaper editor. 4 Pakistan electronic media regularity authority. Journalism ethics and slandered comprise principals of ethics as applicable to the specific challenges faced by professional journalist the basic courts commonly appear in statement graphed by both professional journalist association and individual print, broad cast & on line news organization. OBJECTIVITY In house editorial and opinion pieces should clearly be separated from news pieces. All advertisement must be clearly identifiable they should not merge with news items. Reporter must avoid conflicts of interest should not take bribe or political interest. Competing point of view should be balance &fairly characteristics. SOURCES Cofidanceciality of anonymous sources. Avoidance of anonymous sources if possible. Accurate attribution of statement made by individual or news media. Pictures & quotations must not be presented in a misleading context. ACCUERACY \ STANDRED OF FACTUAL REPORTING Reporters are expected to be as accretes .possible & they should see reliable sources. · Events with a signal eye witness are reported with attribution & events with 5 or more independent eye witness may be reported as facts. · Independent fact checking by another employ of the publisher is desirable. · Correction of published when error are discover. STANDERED & LIBEL CONSIDRATION Reporting the truth is never libel which makes accuracy and attribution very important. Private person have privacy right that must be balance against the public interest in reporting information about them public figure have privacy right. HARM LIMITATION PRINCIPAL During the normal courses of an assignment a reporter might go about gathering facts and details conducting it review. doing research taking photo, video, recording sound but he or she cannot report everything. o News special sensitivity when dealing with children & in experience sources or subject. o Be sensitive when seeking or using interviews or photograph of those affected by tragedy or grief. o Recognize that gathering & reporting information make harm or discomfort. o Be judicial about naming criminal PRESENTATION § Correct language § Clarity § Brevity § SELF REGULATION Is required to keep news organization honest & accountable to the public. STANDARED & REPOTATION The professionalism reliability and public accountability & news organization 3 of its more valuable assessed and organization earns and maintains a strong reputation through constitution implementation of ethical slandered which the public and with in the industry. by sana safdar malik.....msc comm sciences...fatima jinnah university
What is print media circulation.What determines circulation of print media?
the easiest way of understanding print media circulation is the number of copies or issues distributed pending of frequency (newspapers-daily, magazines-monthly)
it does not refect to how many copies sold, the other term you will com accross is readership, this refers to how many people read your print media. this figure will usually alot higher than circulation due to more than 1 person reading a newspaper for example?
What are the steps in journalizing?
step 1
analyze and identify the transaction.
step 2
label the column
step 3
step 4
step 5
step 6
brief explanation
..enxa nah..yan lng alam qoh ihh...
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Noise is any disturbance or distortion that comes in the process of communication. It is a part of the secondary variable of the communication.
Noise can be of two types. It can be a physical noise, that is, any physical disturbance that can be heard and that comes or interferes in our communication. For instance, two friends are engrossed in a conversation, somebody alongside coughs aloud interrupting their talk. Or a person is watching a movie in a cinema hall, and somebody's phone makes a beeping sound. In both the cases, the disturbing elements can be categorized as physical noise.
Noise can also be Non-physical a part of which is also called 'Semantic Noise'. It is the disturbance in a communication brought about by a linguistic and cultural difference between the communicators. A person talking in a foreign language that can not be understood by the other person is an example. Non-physical noise can also be when there is an over-activity in our mental working, or an exhaustive and uncontrolled layers of thought processes in our brain that will preclude us from communicating successfully.
What are the functions of a sub editor?
The quality of the Sub-Editors are as followings- -
1.Should be a very patient person.
2.Should not be hot tempered.
3.Must be hardworking.
4.Should not be in a stress mood.
5.Must alawys love his work.
Sub-editor is a person who corrects and checks articles in a newspaper before they are printed.
A big newspaper or magazine, would employ several types of editors. For example, there may be a news editor, a features editor, a sports editor, and possibly several sub editors. An executive editor is one at a senior position, and may thus oversee the work of other editors, who may deal with specific areas such as international news, local news, feature stories, or sports. However, he/she has the final word on which stories are published and the perspective taken on them. They also have to ensure that the editorial stance of the material is in keeping with that of the publication. In most organizations, the managing editor sees to the daily functioning of the news department, and news/feature/sports editors assign work and the copy/sub editors edit a reporter/writers material for accuracy, content, grammar, and style. An editor in chief responsibilities include hiring writers/reporters, an is usually the one heading the department.
An editor at a magazine or a features editor also oversees the layout and appearance of articles, which may include duties such as overseeing artwork, design, photography and sometimes attending photo-shoots. They may occasionally have to negotiate payments with freelance writers and network at industry events.
Work activities vary and can depend on the extent to which production and layout work falls within a sub-editor's shelve. They are responsible for ensuring that the tone, style and layout of final copy matches the publication's house style and suits the target market. The work involves processing all the copy before it is published to ensure that it is grammatically and factually correct and reads well. Sub-editors also lay out the story on the page, write headings and may be involved with overall page design.
A sub editor, thus, is responsible for giving the finishing touch to the to-be-published material. He turns the dry dull facts or information into interesting and readable one. He dresses the news and the information that it contains to make it sweet and attractive to the readers. He guards the newspaper world against the charges of libel, misrepresentation, silly grammatical and spelling errors and more. He ensures accountability, responsibility and professionalism in the organization and furnishes accurate and objective news. He is well educated, talented, skilled and creative. He does a little of writing himself although he knows all the techniques and methods of writing. He has great command over language and is very diplomatic.
Whose trial established freedom of the press?
The trial of John Peter Zenger in 1735 in colonial America helped establish the principle of freedom of the press. Zenger, a newspaper publisher, was accused of libel by the colonial governor, but the jury acquitted him, setting a precedent for protecting the rights of journalists to criticize government officials.
How much do the New York Times journalists get paid per year?
Journalist salaries at the New York Times can vary based on factors such as experience, position, and location. However, according to Glassdoor, the average salary for a journalist at the New York Times is around $63,000 per year.
How many journal articles has Dr Diane Witmer written?
As of my last update, Dr. Diane Witmer has authored multiple journal articles, but the exact number may vary. You can find the most up-to-date information by searching academic databases like PubMed or Google Scholar.
Electronic media history traces back to the invention of the telegraph in the 19th century, which enabled long-distance communication through electrical signals. The evolution continued with the invention of radio, television, and the internet, shaping how information and entertainment are transmitted and consumed. Today, electronic media plays a crucial role in shaping culture, politics, and society worldwide.
What percentage of newspapers use photos with stories?
Approximately 90% of newspapers use photos with stories to enhance visual appeal and engage readers. Photos help to provide context and break up large blocks of text, making the content more compelling and informative.
"Media consumption" is also commonly referred to as "media diet." This is the amount of information and entertainment media used by an individual or group, such as how often you watch TV, read books and magazines, etc.
A. William Randolph Hearst is considered the father of sensationalistic journalism due to his ownership of the New York Journal and reputation for using sensational headlines and stories to attract readers.
What is difference between editorial and commentary?
Editorial is more on making a stand in a certain situation in which you are not allowed to involve your personal idea, thoughts and perception on the matter. It is because you are not allowed to use the 1st person basis.. On the other hand Commentary is more on giving your personal perception and perspective on the situation.. :)
Mike Gravel is a former U.S. Senator from Alaska who gained national attention for his anti-war stance and progressive policies. He ran for president in 2008 and 2020, advocating for issues such as direct democracy and nuclear disarmament.
What are the advantages of using electronic media for public outreach?
Electronic media allows for reaching a wider audience quickly and cost-effectively. It enables interactive communication, facilitating real-time feedback and engagement. Additionally, electronic media can be easily tailored to target specific demographics and allows for tracking and analyzing the effectiveness of outreach efforts.
