Linux

It can use either.

PS would be the simplest and fastest way. top will display processes, along with memory and CPU usage, so it is more useful in identifying runaway programs.

Download the Linux binary from the skype web site and run it with "sh". It feels like windows all over again.

Hardware information on a Linux machine is primarily stored in the /proc and /sys directories. The /proc directory contains a virtual filesystem that provides information about system processes and hardware configuration, while /sys offers a view of the kernel's device model, allowing access to hardware details and configurations. Additionally, the /dev directory contains device files that represent hardware components.

Systems Administrator :)

This generally isn't an issue for modern computers; you can place the partition anywhere you like. With the way many modern hard drives are mapped, it doesn't even make a difference for performance reasons.

The reason why it mattered in older systems was that the BIOS could only access up to a certain amount of the hard drive. To boot Linux, you would need to place the kernel within the area addressable by the BIOS. This could be within the first 528 MB, 1 GB, 2 GB, 8 GB, or 127 GB, depending on the age of the system. As of 2002, the addressable limit has been raised to something like 4 PB, so you needn't worry about it again for a long time.

Run 'vi /path/to/file/name', where 'name' is whatever you want the script to be called. Then edit the file like you would any other. Once you're done writing the script, close vi (don't forget to save the file on your way out! entering ':wq' does this). In order to be able to run your script, run 'chmod +x /path/to/file/name'.

Run 'man <program name>' to get the full manual to a program. Below is an example how to get the sudo manual and the first few lines of the manual.

$ man sudo

NAME

sudo, sudoedit - execute a command as another user

SYNOPSIS

sudo -h | -K | -k | -L | -V

sudo -v [-AknS] [-g group name|#gid] [-p prompt] [-u username|#uid]

sudo -l[l] [-AknS] [-g group name|#gid] [-p prompt] [-U user name]

[-u user name|#uid] [command]

sudo [-AbEHnPS] [-C fd] [-g group name|#gid] [-p prompt]

[-u user name|#uid] [VAR=value] [-i | -s] [command]

sudoedit [-AnS] [-C fd] [-g group name|#gid] [-p prompt]

[-u user name|#uid] file ...

DESCRIPTION

sudo allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or

another user, as specified in the sudoers file. The real and effective

uid and gid are set to match those of the target user as specified in

the passwd file and the group vector is initialized based on the group

file (unless the -P option was specified). If the invoking user is

root or if the target user is the same as the invoking user, no

password is required. Otherwise, sudo requires that users authenticate

themselves with a password by default (NOTE: in the default

configuration this is the user's password, not the root password).

Once a user has been authenticated, a time stamp is updated and the

user may then use sudo without a password for a short period of time

(15 minutes unless overridden in sudoers).

For Linux, use the 'mv' command, which is a rename

Executing the program.

That's not an error message, but simply an assessment of the memory in your computer.

The user mode is :a mode that prvides an interface between the application and the OS and only has access to the hardware resources through rhe code running in kernel mode .Type your answer here...

To establish exclusive control of a file so only one program can access it at a time and prevent potential data loss if one program writes information back that hasn't been updated wit the information from another program.

The device manager UDEV manages device nodes in /dev in Linux. It is a generic kernal device manager originally was introduced in Linux 2.5, and is still in the current version of Linux.

There are lots of tasks you can perform with the dd command. The most common would be to create an image file from a disk or partition. Another use would be to create an empty file of an arbitrary size.

Most of the Unix command names are short, single words in lowercase. The commands are

basically programs written in C. Traditionally, Unix system programs are stored in directories

called /bin and /usr with additional programs usually used only by system administrators in

/etc and /usr Many versions of Unix also have programs stored in /usr

ALT+N is an accelerator (a keyboard shortcut). It's function is dependent upon the context in which it is used. In Windows, the ALT key brings focus to the active application's command menu while the N will highlight any top-level menu that has been assigned the N accelerator. In Visual Studio, for instance, ALT+N brings focus to the Visual Studio IDE's ANALYZE menu. But if the desktop has focus, ALT+N does nothing because it is not a designated accelerator for the desktop.

This means that it does not have any debugging symbols in it. Debugging symbols are removed from most production binaries because they increase the size of the binary, and supposedly most users aren't capable of filing proper bug reports anyway (Ubuntu, for instance, disables Apport by default in production releases).

ls -l | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'

The word Linux is not a true abbreviation. It was originally formed as a shortened form of "Linus's MINIX." However, this was not technically accurate, and thus the name has no actual significance outside of something to call the kernel. In fact, Linus Torvalds originally wanted to name it "Freax."

Kernel mode is considered a 'privileged' mode, meaning that code executing in that mode can have access to any part of the system, memory, devices, etc. There are no limitations on what it can do.

User mode only allows certain operations. Anything requiring any amount of privileged must request the kernel to do things on their behalf. User mode is not a privileged mode and is therefore restrictive in terms of accessing memory, devices, etc.

a few are:

competing with other open-source communities

pressure from non-open-source communities(which typically have more money and power)

very little users

having to control hundreds of Linux distributions(Linux OS's) .

sudo apt-get install mplayer