Linux

To establish exclusive control of a file so only one program can access it at a time and prevent potential data loss if one program writes information back that hasn't been updated wit the information from another program.

The device manager UDEV manages device nodes in /dev in Linux. It is a generic kernal device manager originally was introduced in Linux 2.5, and is still in the current version of Linux.

There are lots of tasks you can perform with the dd command. The most common would be to create an image file from a disk or partition. Another use would be to create an empty file of an arbitrary size.

Most of the Unix command names are short, single words in lowercase. The commands are

basically programs written in C. Traditionally, Unix system programs are stored in directories

called /bin and /usr with additional programs usually used only by system administrators in

/etc and /usr Many versions of Unix also have programs stored in /usr

ALT+N is an accelerator (a keyboard shortcut). It's function is dependent upon the context in which it is used. In Windows, the ALT key brings focus to the active application's command menu while the N will highlight any top-level menu that has been assigned the N accelerator. In Visual Studio, for instance, ALT+N brings focus to the Visual Studio IDE's ANALYZE menu. But if the desktop has focus, ALT+N does nothing because it is not a designated accelerator for the desktop.

This means that it does not have any debugging symbols in it. Debugging symbols are removed from most production binaries because they increase the size of the binary, and supposedly most users aren't capable of filing proper bug reports anyway (Ubuntu, for instance, disables Apport by default in production releases).

ls -l | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'

The word Linux is not a true abbreviation. It was originally formed as a shortened form of "Linus's MINIX." However, this was not technically accurate, and thus the name has no actual significance outside of something to call the kernel. In fact, Linus Torvalds originally wanted to name it "Freax."

Kernel mode is considered a 'privileged' mode, meaning that code executing in that mode can have access to any part of the system, memory, devices, etc. There are no limitations on what it can do.

User mode only allows certain operations. Anything requiring any amount of privileged must request the kernel to do things on their behalf. User mode is not a privileged mode and is therefore restrictive in terms of accessing memory, devices, etc.

a few are:

competing with other open-source communities

pressure from non-open-source communities(which typically have more money and power)

very little users

having to control hundreds of Linux distributions(Linux OS's) .

sudo apt-get install mplayer

As with any program, installation instructions vary by distro. Most distros should have Pencil in their repository, though, so if you know how to install programs on your distribution, you should be able to install it.

The hostname of my main computer running Ubuntu 13.04 is rodney@downstairs. rodney is my user name, and downstairs is the host name of my computer. To find your IP address, open a terminal (Ctrl + Alt + Tare the shortcut keys I like using) and type: ifconfig and press Enter. Your IP address may look something like: 192.168.1.x (x being a unique number to identify each computer or device on a network).

mkdir [name of directory you wat to make] [second directory] [third directory] [fourth directory]

modprob

By SQL Server I am assuming you are referring to Microsoft's flavour of SQL.

No. There is no version of SQL Server that runs on Linux

The /etc/inittab file is a script that controls most of the boot sequence. It dictates what programs and scripts to launch and at what runlevels.

A merit system is the process of hiring and promoting people based on their ability to do their job.

export command used to export one or more variables to the environment.

For Ex:

$ scname=kugu

$ export scname

In the Korn shell( KSHELL),we can combine these commands into one command:

$export scname=kugu

Use the env (or printenv ) command to display all environment variables and their current values.

Google has publicly released two operating systems, ChromeOS and Android.

ChromeOS is a webtop based on Google's Chrome browser and Google's suite of web services. First announced in 2009, Google received a patent for it entitled "Network based Operating System across Devices".

Android is an operating system targetted at smartphones and webtops. Google first announced plans to cooperate in building a smartphone in 2007 and shipped the first Android smartphones in late 2008.

/boot directory is where all the file to boot Linux are stored it include the kernel image , initial ram disk. This files are read by the boot loader at the boot time.

Linux

Samba.

There are several ways to read a text file. You can use one of several text editors, including vi, vim, emacs, joe, and nano. You can also parse it through the cat command like this:

cat nameoffile.txt | less