Mathematicians

Well the question your asking is a matter of personal opinion and I can't really answer that for you. But if you would like to know what are some of the major contributions he made to society then I can help you with that. To start his book Principia(published in 1687) layed the ground work for almost all of classical mechanics. In the book universal gravitation and the three laws of motion were discussed and explained by Newton; that of which dominated most of the scientifc view of the universe for the next three centuries. Furthermore Newton advanced the Scientific Revolution by removing the last doubts of the heliocentric theory by connecting and demonstrating consistency between his theory of gravity and Kepler's laws of planetary motion. The Last contribution I will discuss is his creation of the first practical reflecting telescope and his theory of colour. The theory of colour was based off the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colors that form our visible spectrum. Newton contributed much more than the few things I listed but those were his main contributions. Hope that helped all you have to do now is decide for yourself whether you think those contributions improved the world.

Nicolaus Copernicus proposed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the solar system and that the planets, including Earth, revolved around the Sun in circular orbits. This heliocentric model challenged the prevailing geocentric view of the time.

Isaac Newton believed that light was made up of tiny particles called corpuscles. These corpuscles were thought to be emitted by a light source and traveled in straight lines until they interacted with an object.

Distinguished Leadership Award, Rocky Mountain Electrical League, 2000.

50 Most Powerful Black Executives in America, Fortune, 2002.

Omar Khayyam, a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet, is best known for his work on algebra and his poetry collection "Rubaiyat." He made significant contributions to the development of the calendar, as well as studies of algebraic equations.

His findings frightened both the catholic and Protestant leaders because they went against the church teachings and authority. The conflict was solved when Galileo stood before court and knelt before the cardinals and read aloud a signed confession in which he agreed that the ideas of Copernicus that he said were real, we're false.

Newtonmeters are a unit used to measure torque, which is the force that causes an object to rotate around an axis. It combines the unit of force (Newtons) with the unit of distance (meters) to quantify how much force is being applied to rotate an object.

Latitude and longitude as a coordinate system were developed separately by Hipparchus and Ptolemy in the 2nd century BC. They both contributed significantly to the mapping and understanding of the Earth's surface, with Hipparchus focusing on latitude and Ptolemy introducing the concept of longitude.

Yes, Copernicus had friends and collaborators who supported his work, such as mathematician and astronomer Georg Joachim Rheticus and bishop Tiedemann Giese. His heliocentric model of the universe faced resistance from some of his contemporaries, but he also found supporters among the scientific community.

You can find pictures of Isaac Newton by doing an internet search or by visiting websites like Wikipedia or the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences.

Amongst other things they independently invented calculus. Newton probably made the first discovery, but delayed publishing for many years. Leibniz also held off publishing for a long time, waiting, apparently for Newton to do it. Eventually Leibniz published anyway. They became bitter rivals.

This is true. He was the first person to state that Earth orbits the Sun.

Comment : That's not exactly correct. For example there was a philosopher in Ancient Greece who made this suggestion.

No, the heliocentric system was proposed by Copernicus in the 16th century, but the idea had been suggested by ancient Greek astronomers like Aristarchus of Samos. Copernicus's model placed the Sun at the center of the solar system, with Earth and other planets orbiting around it.

I believe you are asking about the heliocentric system wich Copernicus suggested at a time where the earth was believed to be the epicenter of the solar system. Go to related links for more information.

Ludwig Boltzmann was an Austrian physicist known for his work in statistical mechanics and the development of the kinetic theory of gases. He formulated the statistical definition of entropy and made significant contributions to the understanding of the behavior of atoms and molecules in gases. Boltzmann's work laid the foundation for the field of statistical thermodynamics.

Benoit Mandelbrot was a French/American Computer Scientist and Mathematician who worked on interesting problems.

One of those problems had to do with Mathematical oddities. While an IBM Fellow, he entered some of the formulas into a computer program and printed out the results that revolutionized Chaos science and brought to the public the Mandelbrot Sets. They looked somewhat like Seahorses, yet when he printed out zoomed versions he kept seeing more Seahorses.

What he saw was a vastly complicated shape made up of smaller and smaller versions of itself, and the deeper he went, the theme changed but he found yet more smaller versions of the shape. He named the whole thing fractals.

The funny thing is all this complexity came from a single class of Mathematical formulas, called recursives. Basically, the computer program plugs some numbers into the formula, then feeds the result back into the formula, and does it again, letting the number go out and then back in, branching off into another set of calculations.

Another funny thing that people after him discovered while playing with the same type of formulas shook Science. ALL OF IT.

Fractals replicated life. The twirling of cream in a cup of coffee, the swirl of cigarette smoke. Mountains. Coastlines. The curves of a pepper. The shape of a tree. The vortex of a Tornado. The changing form of clouds. The Rings of Saturn. The majestic turbulence of Galaxies. The Mathematical Oddity was the accidental discovery of an inner working of the Universe.

We left the Newtonian view of the Universe - where everything can be eventually broken down and decoded. And we entered a wild, woolly, riotous Reality.

Mandelbrot's curious shapes expanded our ability to model the physical world, and the principles are in use in Finance, the Stock Market, the Biotech industries, Astronomy, Physics, Quantum Dynamics, Oceanography, Medical science, Populations, Genetics, Governance, Infectious diseases. Practically every avenue of research grappling with the curiosities of the world around us employ the curious discovery of Dr. Benoit Mandelbrot.

ID0403095245 is paullwolborsky - I registered after answering.

ADDENDA

If you want to make the trip from the Euclidian universe you've lived in all of your life to the fantastical world of stubborn conundrum there is no need to find a rabbit hole. All you need is a handy coastline.

The whole investigation leading to Fractals started with a 1967 paper 'How long is the Coast of Britain'. The Coastline paradox have been a paramount paradox for a long time. It postulates if you have enough initiative to measure the coast with a Yardstick you will arrive at one number. If you still have time left in the day before Tea you could start again with a 12" ruler. When by the end of that long day you finish, you will arrive at a larger number. The paradox concludes if you measured with a 0" ruler, you could arrive at infinity assuming infinity was sufficiently cooperative.

This paper was cited by a wide variety of other papers over time in the Journal Science. You can get a sampling of papers citing this seminal document that illustrates how far and wide fractals are used at the link I've added.

Eudoxus believed that the Earth was the center of the universe, with the stars, planets, and the Sun orbiting around it in perfect circular motion. This geocentric model was later refined and expanded upon by other ancient Greek astronomers.

Nicholas Copernicus lived during the Renaissance period, so he would have likely enjoyed music from that time, such as Gregorian chants, early polyphony, and instrumental pieces like dances and madrigals. However, there is no record of his specific favorite music.

Yes, Isaac Newton had a grandmother. Her name was Margery Ayscough. She was the mother of his father, Isaac Newton Sr.

Nicolaus Copernicus had a significant impact on the Renaissance by challenging the geocentric view of the universe with his heliocentric model. His work laid the foundation for modern astronomy and led to a fundamental shift in our understanding of the cosmos. Copernicus's ideas also sparked further scientific inquiry and exploration during the Renaissance period.

Isaac Newton acknowledged the contributions of several scientists and thinkers who came before him, such as Galileo, Kepler, and Descartes. He also credited the support and assistance of colleagues and friends like Edmond Halley and John Flamsteed in his work on the laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation.

Aristotle did not directly contribute to microbiology, as this field of study developed centuries after his time. Aristotle's main contributions were in the fields of biology, philosophy, and logic, where he laid the groundwork for the scientific method and classification of living organisms.