Napoleonic Wars

After Napoleon seized Moscow, the Russian were able to cheat him by a false friendly attitude of their troops deployed on the front. This attitude induced Napoleon even to send on Oct. 5,1812 a delegation led by General Lauriston to Saint Petersburg in order to negotiate an armistice as a preliminary for negotiating a peace of compromise. The delegation never reach the Russian Capital because they were stopped by Kutuzov at his Headquarter. The documents containing Napoleon's proposals were sent by Russians couriers to the Czar, who rejected the advances. Napoleon was so convinced that the victory of Borodino and the seize of Moscow,the Russian religious Capital, were so decisive to convince the Czar to accept the terms, that he sent a second delegation on Oct. 14,1812, with the same result.

The only purpose of the Russian behavior was to make him standing in and around the city as long as possible, until the French Army would have been bogged down by the Autumnal rainfalls and mud. The retreat from Moscow started on Oct. 20 and thanks to the unusually enduring fine weather all was going somewhat well, though the French rearguard and flanks were harassed by the Russian pressure.

On Oct. 24, after winning the Battle of Malojaroslavec, Napoleon had the opportunity to carry on the retreat via Kaluga, thus exploiting the intact resources the land offered for supplying the Army, because they had not touched yet by the war. But against the opinion of his generals, Napoleon decided to continue the retreat by the same route followed during the summer during the advance towards Moscow in reverse. This decision was fatal to the French, because the earth had been already scorched.

The cohesion of the Grand Army began gradually began to give way. The food supply were rapidly decreasing, while a growing number of men threw down their weapons and went to swell the growing crowd of stragglers who were dragging themselves behind the rearward, while the long column was subjected to the endless attacks of the Cossacks and the pressure of the Russian vanguard. The first snowfall and the start of the big freeze on November 9, accelerated the dissolution of the French Army and their progressive destruction by the Russians.

In conclusion we can say that to defeat Napoleon in Russia were more his illusions and wrong decision and General Winter, rather than the Russian Armies, which were rarely able to decisively beat the constantly weakening French units still able to fight during the retreat.

The Seventh Coalition with the UK and Prussian troops getting the most credit.

The Congress of Vienna's main goal was to stop the spread of French Revolution ignited by philosophies such as Voltaire, Bentham, Montesquieu, and Rousseau, which was spreading quickly at the time by the Eastern European conquest of the french Emperor and military genius Napoleon Bonaparte. The Congress succeeded after Napoleon's exile to Elba, but was threatened by his return to Europe, known as the 100 days. Napoleon and his still loyal French army fought the congress and the Quadruple Alliance (Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Great Britain) and was defeated at Waterloo, and was later exiled to St. Helena, off the coast of Africa, where he would die.

The Congress was effective in their efforts and caused Europe to fall under a more constitutional monarchy. This later was known as Enlightened Despotism, and would keep monarchical order and stability between Europe's main powers..

The force or forces used to deny hostile intelligence forces the opportunity to gain information about your plans and operations.

The engagement took place of Cape Trafalgar (or in Spanish, Cabo Trafalgar) a headland in the province of Cadiz. The battle took place on October 21, 1805. This battle woul d have massive affects on France & the future of the British empire. British Admiral Nelson was the victor.

Early US Civil War battle tactics were similar to those of armies in the Napoleonic era. Here's a typical Civil War battle tactic, as the battle moved along, however, the commanders of each side adjusted themselves depending on results and the terrain. Basically they each followed this routine:

* An offensive minded commander selects an approach road for each of his corps or divisions;

* These approach roads are often roads of retreat, and behind the main armies are supply lines for ammunition, food and other needs;

* At the time most favorable the commander, commences an advance against the enemy;

* Unless the attacking armies have overwhelming numerical advantages, the commander of each of the armies seeks to protect their flanks. This protection can be in the form of a physical obstacle like a set of hills or a stream large enough to slow an advance against a flank attack. Or,

the top commander has furnished a body of troops specifically meant to guard against a flank attack;

* The most important thing is to develop a continuous battle line facing the enemy with atleast one to two lines behind the front line;

* Once the battle lines of the attacking army are set to the satisfaction of the top commander, an attack is begun. The central idea is to always have a solid battle line; and

* From that point all other tactics can be employed as the battle progresses.

These are general principles, and were used by both Napoleon and his enemies. Clearly artillery and cavalry are placed in the most favorable positions.

The french lost.

it started on 18th june 1815

tha battle recived its name waterloo because wellington was in waterloo the night before the battle.:))))))poo

They did what they felt was right and proper to insure a balance of power in Europe. The big error in judgment may have been the creation of a strong Germanic Nation which would come to haunt them in the future.

It is about a student needing to stay at school Wednesday because half his class goes to one church then the other half goes to another, and of course the teacher doesn't like the Presbaterian kid with the last name as "Hoodhoo".

General Sherman.

Ensure that no European state could dominate the entire continent

These wars had many characteristics that made it unique for that time and period. It involved a very charismatic leader in Napoleon who was dominating the world's political and military scene. The size of armies were at a peak. The style and colors of the military uniforms made it a romantic period to study. The military strategy had advanced such that large armies could move quickly and at long distances. Military tactics had evolved with the use of combined arms: meaning a good general used infantry, artillery and cavalry in combination to over-power his enemy. "Flying aritllery" first appeared that allowed artillery to be used at close range on the battlefield. Individually, each of these were not that important but these characteristics all came together at the same time to make this period a unique time in history.

The Congress of Vienna didn't create a united Germany because its main task was that of restore the old order, that one existing prior the French Revolution.

Furthermore it was no interest of the Great Powers (Austria, Prussia, Russia, Great Britain) to establish a united Germany, but that of maintain their influence over the myriad of German former free states and/or principalities.

In so doing they would prevent their general interests from being hurt by such

a new great power like a united Germany would have been.

Last but not least, the times were not ripe for such an initiative.

The Duke of Wellington's horse was named "Copenhagen".

There is a statue of the Duke of Wellington sitting atop Copenhagen located outside Apsley House in London (above the Arch at Constitution Hill).

The fact that the French Revolution Killed of their King in 1793. The first Coalition was built consisting of Austria, The Kingdom of Sardinia, The Kingdom of Naples, Prussia, Spain, and The Kingdom of Great Britain. Resulting in General Napoleon Bonaparte crushing the coalition and forcing them the sign a treaty. The only Country that stood against it was Great Britain

The resumption of a balance of power in Europe and the role of the defeated former French Empire and the newly created unified German States.

No. Admiral Horatio Nelson was a Navy Admiral who won the Battle of Traflaga.


The British commander at Waterloo was Arthur Wellsley, the Duke of Wellignton.

lots

ANSWER

French Army deployed 48,950 infantry, 15,765 cavalry and 7.232 artillery for a total of 71.947 troops.

Wellington Army deployed 49,608 infantry, 12,408 cavalry and 5,645 artillery for a total of 67,661 troops.

Bluecher's Prussian Army of about 89,000 troops joined in groups Wellington's between 3.00 and 7.00 PM.

The war represent a turning purpose in European affairs and a serious split up the past. ... These wars represent a continuation of the French Revolutionary Wars that stone-broke enter 1792 and ranged France against shifting alliances of alternative European powers.

The French Army was in disarray and disorder. Wellington was able to invade France. Marshal Grouchy had his orders from Napoleon to attack Wavre which he followed to the letter. The British had the ports blockaded and Napoleon had no force available to resist and no route of escape available. The time had arrived to throw in the towel.

To win a decisive war, military theorist Carl Von Clausewitz believed that this is best accomplished by destroying the enemy's army. He did make mention that the capture of the enemy's capital city was important, however, that city had to be a significant military target and lose many of its defenders in the combat.

In the American Civil War, it was frequently brother against brother and father against son. Many families, especially in the south, were quite divided. Florida took a popular vote. Only one thousand more people voted to side with the Confederacy than voted to remain in the Union.

The last four states to leave the Union and join the Confederacy produced a large number of Union Solders. General Thomas, the only General to defeat Stonewall Jackson, was from Virginia, a state that left the Union. He sided against a majority of his own people. Thomas also won the Battle of Atlanta where a lesser general may have been defeated when Hood threw everything he had at his army.

At the end of the war, the victors punished the losers and gave the former slaves power to assist in punishing the losers. The hard feelings remained. Then when the losers regained power they punished the former slaves who had joined with the winners. Bad feelings remained for years after the war. Now the pendulum has swung the other way with affirmative action. Bad feelings remain for 150 years.

On the other hand, there are no bad feelings following the war with Germany, Japan, and Vietnam, except for those who fought in them and those who lost loved ones. There is bad feelings about North Korea but that results because a mad man is the current ruler. There is no on going legislation or social action in the United States because of those wars.

the boer war started in 1980

with cannon fire!