Nerves

A second order neuron is the 2nd neuron to carry an order. The order could be a sensory stimulus or a motor stimulus. For e.g. in order to move a muscle, the order for that muscle to contract starts at the cerebral cortex in the somatomotor area. That is the first order neuron. The axon of the 1st order neuron will synapse with the 2nd order neuron at the level of the brain stem, which commonly decussate (crosses over) to the opposite side. In turn, the axon of the 2nd order neuron will descend along the spinal cord tracts where it will synapse with the 3rd order neuron. The 3rd order neuron is located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, which will exit with the spinal nerve to supply the muscle.

Neuronal endings, also known as axonal terminals, are the tips of axons that make connections with other neurons, muscles, or glands. These structures play a critical role in transmitting information between neurons by releasing neurotransmitters across the synapse. Neurotransmitters allow for communication and signal transmission within the nervous system.

Okay, information is received through the dendrites, and then moves on the the cell body. From there, the cell's axon passes the message on to other neurons or to muscles or glands.

Sensory neurons transmit information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. They play a crucial role in detecting various stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure, and converting these signals into electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the brain.

Neurons can react to stimuli through electrical signaling, where they generate action potentials to transmit information along their length. They can also respond to chemical signals by releasing neurotransmitters at synapses to communicate with other neurons or target cells.

Neuronal death is often referred to as neurodegeneration. This process can result from various factors such as aging, trauma, disease, or genetic mutations, ultimately leading to the loss of neuron structure and function.

Synapse is located, where two neurons meet each other. One cubic cm of brain cortex have about one billion synapses, probably.

An impulse travels in one direction across a synapse, from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron. This ensures that the signal transmission in the nervous system is unidirectional.

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Neurotransmitters are the chemical medium through which the signals move from one neuron to the next at the synapses. This is called neurotransmission and the way it is done is through electrochemical processes. A chemical message from other neurons, through dendrites causes a nerve impulse. This travels down the Axon to the terminal buttons at the end. This then releases the neurotransmitters which send a message to the next neuron. The neuron that sends the message is the pre-synaptic neuron, and the one that receives it is the postsynaptic neuron. Each neurotransmitter has a specific effect on a specific circuit. They do not all work with every receptor. This is a complicated subject to try to explain in a short statement! I have probably confused you by now.

Although there are many polar molecules in a resting neuron the overall charge is zero. Neurons don't actually send electrical pulses in the same way as computers or other electric circuits. The main neural transmitter that carries a charge across the synapse is acetylcholine not individual electrons.

The neurons of the motor pathway control muscle movements by sending signals from the brain to the muscles. These signals coordinate and regulate voluntary movements such as walking, reaching, and grasping.

The nerve motor points is a large muscle mass of shoulders, arms, and legs, striking with leg or hand. Some types of nerve points are superficial peroneal nerve motor point, tibial nerve motor point, common peroneal nerve motor point, and femoral nerve motor point.

Sensory neurons transmit sensory information from sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord, while motor neurons transmit signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands to produce movement or secretion. Sensory neurons are involved in detecting stimuli from the environment, whereas motor neurons are responsible for carrying out responses to those stimuli.

There are about 17,000 touch receptors or nerve endings in a human hand, making it one of the most sensitive parts of the body. These nerve endings help us feel sensations such as pressure, temperature, and pain, allowing us to interact with our environment.

An axon of an efferent neuron could synapse with a muscle fiber, gland, or another neuron in the peripheral nervous system.

Neurons stimulate other neurons or target cells (such as muscle cells or gland cells) through the release of neurotransmitters at synapses. This stimulation can trigger a response in the target cell, leading to activities such as muscle contraction or hormone release.

1. The nueron synthasizes chemicals that serve as neurotransmitters. Smaller NT's in axon terminals, larger ones (Peptides) in cell body. Synthasizes chemicals it needs from substances provided by diet.

2. The nueron transports the peptide neurotransmiters to axon terminals.

3. Action potentials travel down the axon. At the presynaptic terminal, an action potential enables calcium to enter cell. Calcium relases neurotransmiters from the terminals into synaptic cleft, which is the space between the presynaptic and post synaptic nuerons.

4. The relased molecules diffuse across the cleft attach to receptors and alter activity of post synaptic neuron.

5. The neurotranmitter molecules separate from their receptors. Depending on the neurotransmitter, it may be converted into inactive chemicals.

6. The NT molecules may be taken back into the presynaptic neuron for recycling or may diffuse away. In some cases, empty vesicles are returned to celll body.

The axon terminals of a neuron form the presynaptic neuronal membrane. These structures contain synaptic vesicles that store neurotransmitters for release at the synapse.

synapse are the microscopic gapes between the neurons where helps in passing of the chemicals from one neuron to other. A small amont of chemical substance is released from one neuron into the synapse and this chem. substance changes to electrical impluses and enters the dentrites of the other neuron.

Sensory neurons are typically unipolar in structure. This means they have a single process, or neurite, that extends from the cell body and splits into two branches, one leading to the peripheral nervous system and one leading to the central nervous system.