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Particle Physics
Relatively recent experimental results have confirmed what philosophers throughout history had theorized all along; that all matter is made up of elementary particles. Those curious about this cutting-edge field of physics known as particle physics should post their questions here, including those about fundamental particles, fundamental forces, Grand Unified Theories, and the extraordinary devices that have been or need to be engineered to research them.
3,842 Questions
well..scientists think that the large hadron collider is capable of generating enough power to travel through time..id say that's pretty interesting and needs to be researched. if scientists didnt research things..we wouldn't progress.
Complex II is reduced and FADH2 is oxidized becoming FAD, the electrons continue down the electron transport chain providing the power to pump protons into the intermembrane space ( not as many protons as NADH because of the short delivery of FADH2 electrons to complex II ) where they fall down their concentration gradient through the synthase. Our electrons exit complex IV into the matrix where oxygen picks up two electrons and two protons forming water. 2H + 1/2O2 --> H2O.
How many inner outer valence electrons in Cr atom?
Valence electrons are located in the outermost shell in an atom. Chromium has only one valence electron.
Why didn't protons neutrons and electrons bind together immediately after the big bang?
it was too hot
What is the difference between a valence electron and a shielding electron?
Valence electrons are electrons on the outermost shell/orbitals. Sheilding electrons are inner electrons that block valence electrons from protons causing less attraction.
Does a particle need to have an electrical charge to be used in a particle accelerator?
Yes, a particle used in a particle accelerator must have a charge to be useful in the device.
Particle accelerators we use in high energy physics to investigate things all work by applying a moving or shifting magnetic field to accelerate charged particles. We speed these particles up by repeatedly "hitting" them with a magnetic field. Uncharged particles will not respond to this, and canot be used in the devices.
Will the Large Hadron Collider cause another Big Bang?
Of course not, that's ridiculous. Please note that Earth gets bombarded every day by particles from outer space that have millions of times the energy of anything that the LHC is capable of producing.
"Another Big Bang" would require a tremendous amount of energy - the energy of the entire Universe.
How do you produce antimatter?
Basically, the process involves creating a concentrated release of energy from the collision of atomic particles with atomic nuclei, such that "pair production" occurs: 1 particle of matter and 1 particle of antimatter. It is possible to contain antimatter (positrons, anti-protons) within a magnetic field.
Some of the links below may be helfpul. As you'll note, it takes some pretty sophisticated equipment, and not a lot of it has been made.
What is an atom name that is made of a proton a neutron and an electron?
It is the atom of deuterium. Its nucleus is composed of a proton and one neutron. The atom has one electron that is orbiting around the nucleus.
Why the alpha particles could not smash the nucleus apart?
The alpha particle is positively charged (as is the nucleus) and is heavy compared with the neutron that is neutral and lighter than the alpha particle.
Another viewpoint:
It depends what experiment the question is about. For example, over a hundred years ago, Rutherford bombarded gold foil with alpha particles and some "bounced off" what we now call the nucleus of the atoms. However, about ten years later he did experiments in which alpha particles did indeed "split" atomic nuclei. So, sometimes alpha particles can certainly smash a nucleus apart.
Breaking down of a neutron into a proton and an electron?
When a neutron breaks down into a proton and electron it is called decay. In this specific case it is Beta - (minus) decay since it is producing an electron (it also produces an electron antineutrino). If the result were a positron instead of an electron it would be called Beta + decay. Since a new proton has been made the element is also changed into the next highest element on the periodic table. So for instance, Carbon 14 will beta- decay into Nitrogen 14. Both types of Beta decay are mediated or assisted by the weak nuclear force with the W- and W+ bosons.
Which of these masses is the largest alpha particle antineutrino gamma radiation beta particle?
Alpha Particle
What are thermally generated electrons and holes?
In any semiconductor (doped or not) vibrations of the atoms in the crystal can sometimes knock electrons out of the atom's valence band into the conduction band. When this happens the electron now in the conduction band is added to the population of electrons in the semiconductor, while the void it left behind in the valence band is added to the population of holes in the semiconductor. As the vibrations that cause this generation of electron and hole pairs are usually thermal (although there are other causes too) they are usually called thermally generated electrons and holes.
Since the electron and hole pair are in close proximity when formed, many of them recombine before they could be separated by an electric field in the crystal or by simple diffusion.
There is of course a somewhat more complicated (but also more correct) explanation using Quantum Mechanics, but the above is sufficient to understand it at the first approximationlevel.
What are three examples from the periodic table to explain valence electrons and dot diagrams?
Valence electrons are the electrons on the outer circle of the Bohr Diagram of the element.
Dot diagrams are the same as Bohr Diagrams.
BOHR/DOT DIAGRAM:
VALENCE ELECTRONS:
How would you describe the flow of electrons?
The flow of electrons "looks different" from application to application. If we look inside a cathode ray tube, the electrons look like water coming out a hose nozzle set on "direct stream" or the like. In a conductor, like a piece of wire, it's a whole other story. In that case, the electrons in the conductor support current flow by "moving over one" when one electron enters one end of a wire. An electron at each "atomic interval" or so in the wire moves over and an electron emerges from the other end of the wire. Note that the electrons ''already in the wire'' are the ones supporting current flow by moving over a "place" each time an electron enters. There are many electrons in a little bit of current, but there are many more in a given conductor like copper wire. An electron that goes in one end may not emerge from the other end for hours or days or weeks (or longer), depending on the variables involved.
How do I replace the fuel pump of Proton Persona?
Sell the useless junk if the fuel pump fails so quickly.
Why electron is the lightest particle?
It's not. There are many particles lighter than electrons. As to why electrons have the mass they do... the first person to figure that out goes on the short list for a free trip to Sweden and a nice medal.
there is an equal number of positive and negative charges which exactly cancel each other out.
How many rings are there in the electron cloud for ununquadium?
Ununquadium has seven electron shells.
Can a virtual photon create muon antimuon and tau antitau pair instead of electron positron pair?
Yes, although the heavier pairs are less likely to be found, it is not impossible.
