Particle Physics

You build a "Large Hadron Collider".

Quark types are referred to as "flavors". The quark flavors are called: Up (u), Down (d), Charm (c), Strange (s), Top (t) and Bottom (b).

it wouldn't be possible. once iron has begun forming inside a large star, it only has seconds of "life" left. the iron wants to attract energy and sucks what life the star has left out of it and collapses the core, imploding it and creating a supernova.

after this, it will either be a super-dense neutron star or the core could have collapsed completely and make a black hole.

in the supernova, elements heavier than iron are created. such as gold, silver, and platinum. which is why they are so rare and valuable.

This is a chemical element. You can find the how many electron in a single atom by using a periodic table.

An electron is a negative fundamental particle.

Neutrons consist of small particles, called "Quarks". Protons also consist of quarks, but what quarks is made of, is still not discovered.

Secondary cosmic rays are the product of collisions with primary cosmic rays. Primary ones are the kind that arrive from space and hit earth - typically air molecules in the upper atmosphere, which creates (and transfers its energy to) other particles, often creating a shower ('air shower') of secondary particles, also of high energy. Even though these products are results of collisions from within the Earth's atmosphere, they are still referred to as cosmic rays, although given the name "Secondary" cosmic rays. Note that secondary cosmic rays' composition or relative composition can differ from the cosmic rays arriving from space; particularly as new particles like muons and pions can be generated.

Outter electrons are involved in chemical reactions since they are the most vunerable. The elements towards the left of the periodic table tend to lose electrons to form Cations, while elements towards the right tend to form Anions.

Its actually electron pair repulsion. Its

the principle that electron pairs around a central atom tend to orient themselves as far apart as possible. Electron pair repulsion is used to predict the geometry of a molecule or a polyatomic ion.

Its a timeline that shows the History of Quarks?

A hydrogen atom is only a proton and an electron. Beyond that the neutron seems to keep the nucleus together and stable. Maybe a better question is, "What is the difference between a hydrogen atom without an electron and a proton?"

It has to do with entropy. The law of entropy states that the universe tends toward having the lowest possible energy at every point. Two oppositely charged particles' magnetic fields cancel out, so, to follow this tendency, they attract each other to have more of their fields overlapping, and so, reducing the energy at each point. Two electrons are samely charged, and so, when their fields overlap the energy of each field will add together. To keep with entropy, the particles repel so that less of their fields overlap, making the energy at each point as low as possible.

The motion of the proton in a magnetic field, F= qvxB.

Electrons involve in forming chemical bonds.

Because the atoms having covalent bonds "share" the involved electrons equally. This is one of the effects of Quantum Mechanics, the shape of the orbital probability cloud containing the electrons in these bonds changes shape to encompass both atoms valence bands.

If 42 is the atomic number then there is 42 electrons in isotope.

I can observe cell surface area such as cell wall or outer structure of cell.

Contrary to how many (including my younger self) envision the process, fission is not a process of a nucleon blasting its way into a nucleus, scattering the latter like a fast moving marble smashing into a group of other marbles. Instead, it results when a nucleus is too large to be stable for more than a few micro-seconds. This happens when a nucleus absorbs one too many nucleons. Thus, the best way to create fission is to send a nucleon into the nucleus that will absorb that nucleon.

It so happens that slow neutrons are BY FAR the most likely nucleons to absorbed by a nucleus, leading to a nucleus so unstable that it breaks apart. Protons and fast neutrons simply have so little chance of being absorbed, that they could never be used to create fission.

The proton was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1917-1919.

The mass of a single proton is incredibly small. It's measured at 1.672 x 10^-27 kilograms. This means that, in kilograms, there's 26 zeros before the 1.

When any conducting material is connected to provide a continuous path between the

two terminals of a battery, electric current flows through it. On the microscopic level,

electric current is really the flow of electrons, from the battery's negative terminal,

through the conducting path, to its positive terminal.

The Higgs boson first arose after a process called electroweak-symmetry breaking, which is a bit technical to explain in detail.

Basically, the current theories for particle physics state that at a certain energy level (higher than we can reach at the moment) the electromagnetic force merges with the weak nuclear force. Below this energy level (or temperature) the two forces are distinct. You can view this as a phase transition, and the Higgs boson is a by product of it.

This phase transition should have taken place mere seconds after the big bang, so if they exist (they haven't been experimentally verified), they have been present since almost the very start of the Universe.