Particle Physics

That depends upon what it is you wish to determine. If you wish to determine only its mass (or weight), you can use a scale. Or for greater masses, like that of stars you can measure its gravitational effects on light passing it, because gravity bends light; the amount the light is bent shows fairly accurately the gravitational pull of the star, which can then be used to determine its mass. If, however, you wish to determine its composition, well, that's another kettle of fish. There are myriad tests used by analysts and scientists to assay substances.

Neutral pions are composed of a quark-antiquark pair, specifically an up quark and an anti-up quark or a down quark and an anti-down quark. They are the lightest mesons and are unstable, decaying rapidly into two photons.

there are a maximum of 18 electrons on the level 3 or the third shell

The particles outside of an atom are called electrons

:D

Materials with many free electrons are considered good conductors of electricity. These materials allow the flow of electrical current easily due to the presence of numerous free electrons that can move freely within the material. Examples include metals like copper and aluminum.

In the reaction where nitrogen-14 absorbs an alpha particle, we see the formation of oxygen-17 and a proton. Here's how it looks: 714N + 24He => 11P + 817O Note that the alpha particle is written the way it is because we know that an alpha particle is a helium-4 nucleus. Simple and easy. The equation is balanced, and you can observe that by adding the subscript and the superscript numerals on one side and checking them against those on the other side. In this case, 7 + 2 = 1 + 8, and 14 + 4 = 1 + 17.

C-14

The number 14 is the total number of protons and neutrons.

Carbon is #6 in the periodic table because it has 6 protons .

14 - 6 = 8 neutrons.

C-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons

Protons have a positive charge and a mass of about 1 atomic mass unit (u). Neutrons have no charge (neutral) and a similar mass to protons. Electrons have a negative charge and a much smaller mass compared to protons and neutrons.

In a good insulator, electrons are tightly bound to their atoms and have limited freedom to move. Due to this strong binding, insulators do not conduct electricity well as the electrons cannot easily flow through the material.

Black Holes are formed when stars explode. The dust of the star then collapses inside of it self. So to answer... It is possible, IF a star explodes

Some scientists are trying to form their own small, mini black holes using particle accelerators. Many people fear of these black holes becoming independent of the source of energy and constantly expanding, but scientists assure us they are controlled.

Lithium is an atom that has three electrons. It has an electron configuration of 2-1, with two electrons in the first energy level and one electron in the second energy level.

The electrons come from water.

In the light dependent stage water is split into hydrogen ions (H+), electrons and oxygen.

The electrons are passed on to chlorophyll, the H+ ions combine with NADP to form NADPH and the oxygen is released.

A quark is currently considered an elementary particle, therefore it is not comprised of anything but is itself one of the smallest particles. However, string theory may explain more about this question.

Pair production is the creation of an elementary particle and its analog, or antiparticle, by a photon or an uncharged boson. It's significance to special relativity could be described by saying that it is a consequence of special relativety. This classical quantum mechanical process is the creation of matter from energy according to the basic equivalence theorem, E = mc2. That said, let's look at what is arbuably one of the most "common" cases - the creation of an electron-positron pair from a high energy photon. If a photon of sufficient energy slashes through the space near an atomic nucleus, the energy (or some of it) will be converted into mass. It takes a lot of energy to make a little mass, just as converting just a tiny amount of mass into energy makes a lot of energy. In the case of the electron and the positron, the latter being an anti-electron or antimatter, the minimum energy needed to create the pair of particles is 1.022 MeV (million electron volts). This is equivalent to the rest mass of a pair of electrons. We're creating two particles, are we not? If a "hot" gamma ray (meaning a high energy one) of 1 MeV flashes by a nucleus, no electron-positron pair will appear because the energy threshold has not been met. Special relatively actually speaks to the lack of any "immune" inertial frame when considering the speed of light and how its speed is measured. Translation: the speed of light is a constant, no matter what your frame of reference. But pair production will follow quantum mechanical principles meaning a given amount of energy will be converted to mass per the mass-equivalence equation, and also that charge, spin and other quantum mechanical characteristics, the so-called quantum numbers, will be conserved.

The element with the electron configuration of 1s22s22p63s23p6 is neon, which has atomic number 10 and is a noble gas.

Actinium's atomic number is 89. Thus, it has 89 protons and, to keep it neutral, 89 electrons. Filling in the first 89 electron orbitals gives us an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d10 6p6 4f14 7s2 6d1. When you shorten that to [Rn] 6d1 7s2, it becomes clear that actinium has 3 valence electrons, 1 in the 6d shell and 2 in the 7s shell.

The protons and neutrons (which in the atom is in the nuclues) are made from quarks. The proton is built from two up-quarks and one down-quark and the neutron is built from one up-quark and two down-quarks.

The lightest subatomic particle is the electron.

No, neutrinos have been shown to have a small non-zero mass. They can't get to c (the speed of light in a vacuum). The only thing a supernova can eject at the speed of light is photons.

Update: Recently an experiment has measured neutrinos traveling above the speed of light. An explanation is yet to be offered.

The correct electron configuration for aluminum is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^1.

Yes, energized electrons at the primary electron acceptor flow to the reaction center of photosystem I or II in the process of photosynthesis. This movement of electrons is essential for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is located near Geneva, Switzerland. It is situated along the Swiss-French border, with parts of the collider crossing over into France.

Hadrons were discovered through high-energy particle collisions in accelerators. By studying the particles produced in these collisions, scientists were able to identify new particles with properties consistent with the characteristics of hadrons. This led to the classification of hadrons as a group of particles that interact via the strong nuclear force.

If you are talking about beta+ decay, then the emission of a positron is accompanied with the emission of an electron neutrino.

"OH" group attached to aromatic ring is electrons donor because it has two lone pairs of electrons on oxygen atom which may involve in resonance process, but "OH" group attached to saturated carbon act as electrons attracting group due to high electronegativity of oxygen.