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Proteins
Proteins are the macromolecules coded in our DNA that function as a biocatalyst and build our body. Apart from Biological knowledge, there are spectacular concepts in the field of proteins. How does a protein produce a function, how do they interact, how did they evolve and how do protein mutations cause disease.
460 Questions
The protein polymer is the sequence of nucleotide base pair and the building blocks or we can call it as monomers of proteins which are nitrogen base and many of them together in different series and sequence form a protein which is metabolically very important to humane.
Protein is produced by cells in the body through a process called protein synthesis. This process involves the transcription of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then translated into proteins by ribosomes. Proteins are essential for various functions in the body, including growth, repair, and maintaining the structure of cells and tissues.
Why are proteins important in humans diet?
Many of our bodily functions occur because of proteins that occur throughout the body. Blood clotting occurs due to proteins working together in a complex series of reactions. Our immune systems use proteins called antibodies to keep us safe from infections. Even our DNA uses proteins to reproduce and synthesize more DNA and to make other cellular materials, including more proteins.
What are good sources of protein for vegans?
Good sources of protein for vegans include beans, lentils, tofu, tempeh, edamame, quinoa, nuts, seeds, and plant-based protein powders. These foods are rich in essential amino acids and can help vegans meet their protein needs.
Proteins are made from amino-acids and are assembled Via Ribosomes. RER [rough endoplasmic reticulum] contains Ribosomes while SER [smooth endoplasmic reticulum] does not.
They are synthesized by ribosomes which are found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
proteins are structural materials, energy sources, and chemical messengers.
Wherever the gene expression happens, proteins may be synthesized. This is tightly controlled by operon elements in our genome. If the proteins coding mRNA is synthesized, then it can trigger the synthesis of proteins in the cytoplasm.
The monomer of proteins are amino acids. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH), along with a side chain group that gives each amino acid its unique properties. Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
Soluble proteins are proteins that can dissolve in water or other solvents. They typically have hydrophilic regions on their surface that make them compatible with aqueous environments. These proteins play important roles in various cellular processes, such as enzymatic reactions, signal transduction, and structural support.
No, not all proteins are enzymes. Enzymes are a type of protein that acts as biological catalysts to facilitate chemical reactions in living organisms. While many enzymes are proteins, not all proteins have enzymatic activity. Proteins can have a variety of functions in the body beyond catalyzing reactions.
Proteins are made by protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. DNA is responsible for coding the information that will make proteins. DNA transcribe mRNA, transport it from nucleus. Ribosome and tRNA in cytosol synthesis proteins as per the message coded in the mRNA.
An amino acid is an organic compound containing both an amino and a carboxylic acid functional group - or any of the twenty naturally occurring α-amino acids and a variety of side chains which combine via peptide bonds to form proteins.
Aggregation is a general term that encompasses several types of interactions or characteristics. Aggregates of proteins may arise from several mechanisms and may be classified in numerous ways, including soluble/insoluble, covalent/noncovalent, reversible/irreversible, and native/denatured.
Most enzymes are proteins, yes. However, the statement (used some number of years ago) that all enzymes are proteins is false. There are a few (but important) exceptions to that generalization.
Simple proteins are composed of only what?
Simple proteins are composed of only amino acids. These proteins are also called monomeric proteins because they consist of a single polypeptide chain. The sequence of amino acids determines the structure and function of the protein.
Why are some proteins water soluble and others proteins are not?
The solubility of proteins in water is determined by their structure and amino acid composition. Proteins with a high proportion of hydrophilic amino acids (such as charged and polar amino acids) tend to be water soluble. Conversely, proteins with a high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids (such as nonpolar amino acids) tend to be insoluble in water. Additionally, the presence of strong intra- or intermolecular forces (such as disulfide bonds) can also contribute to protein insolubility in water.
What are the two most important antimicrobial proteins?
The two most important antimicrobial proteins are defensins and cathelicidins. Defensins are small cationic peptides that can bind to and disrupt the cell membranes of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Cathelicidins are also cationic peptides that can kill microbes by disrupting their cell membranes and by modulating the immune response.
What are three types of fibrous proteins?
- Keratin. Occurring in all higher vertebrates, it is the principal component of their horny outer epidermal layer. Keratins are classified in alpha-keratins, which occur in mammals (around 30 variants), and beta-keratins, present in birds and reptiles.
- Silk fibroin. Produced by insects and arachnids to fabricate structures such as cocoons, spider webs, nests, and egg stalks.
- Collagen. Occurs in all multicellular animals and is the most abundant protein of vertebrates. Collagen is an extracellular protein that is organized into insoluble fibers of great tensile strenght. It is the major component of connective tissues such as bones, cartilagues, tendons, ligaments, and the fibrous matrices of skin and blood vessels.
How do proteins know what to do?
Proteins are produced according to the information encoded in our DNA. They have specific three-dimensional structures that enable them to interact with other molecules in a precise manner. Their functions are dictated by their structure, which allows them to recognize and bind to specific molecules, catalyze biochemical reactions, transmit signals within cells, or provide structural support, among other roles. In summary, proteins know what to do based on their intrinsic properties and the specific molecular interactions they can form.
How does the sequence of DNA affect the function of a protein?
The sequence of nucleotides in DNA molecule is equivalent and is closely related to an amino acid sequence in the protein molecule. If for any reason the sequence of DNA nucleotides changes it will be reflected in amino acid sequence in the protein. Moreover, the correct sequence of amino acid in the protein will form the correct three-dimensional structure, or tertiary structure, that will confer the biological activity to protein. If a wrong amino acid is translated from a mutated gene in the DNA could change the spatial structure of the protein and therefore modify or erase its biological function.
What are proteins carbohydrates?
The carbohydrate contains solid elements called "Clint" and protein contains the pretty element called "Bailo".
What are proteins secondary structures?
Unlike the primary structure, the secondary structure is defined as the local conformation of the protein's backbone. Protein secondary structures are grouped in three major types: helices (being the most common the alpha helices), pleated sheets (also called beta structures), and turns.
The combination of these three kind of secondary structures give a wide variety of forms of the protein molecules. These combinations are named supersecondary structures or motifs and occur in many unrelated globular proteins. As examples of motifs found in protein structures are: a) the beta-alpha-beta motif, the most common supersecondary structure (consists in a right-handed cross-over connection between two consecutive parallel strands of a beta sheet by an alpha helix); b) the beta hairpin motif, that consists of an antiparallel beta sheet formed by sequential segments of polypeptide chain that are connected by relatively tight reverse turns; c) the alpha-alpha motif, two successive antiparallel alpha helices pack each other with their axes inclined (one common protein with this structure is the alpha keratin); and d) the beta barrels, that are extended beta sheets that often roll up.
