Psychological Disciplines

1. Observational studies involve observing and documenting behavior in natural settings.
2. Surveys involve collecting data through questionnaires or interviews to measure attitudes, opinions, or behaviors.
3. Experimental research involves manipulating variables to determine their effect on behavior.
4. Case studies involve in-depth examination of a single individual or group to gain insights into behavior and psychological processes.

A strong correlation in psychology refers to a relationship between two variables where they tend to change together in a consistent and predictable manner. This means that as one variable increases or decreases, the other variable also increases or decreases. Strong correlations are typically indicated by a correlation coefficient close to +1 or -1.

Industrial-organizational psychology is important because it applies psychological principles to the workplace, helping organizations enhance employee satisfaction, well-being, and productivity. It enables organizations to improve hiring practices, leadership development, employee training, and organizational culture, leading to increased efficiency and success in the workplace.

Antisocial - criminal activity

Prosocial - helping people

A contingency square in psychology refers to a matrix that shows the relationship between different conditions or variables in research. It helps researchers analyze how the presence or absence of one variable is related to the presence or absence of another variable. Contingency squares are often used in studies examining the interaction between two or more factors.

Jung divided life into two halves - in the first one human should develop his conscious - persona and ego; in second he or she must face with the unconscious mind - with shadow, anima/animus and Self archetype.

Longitudinal thinking involves considering how things may change or evolve over time, rather than focusing solely on the present moment. It involves a forward-looking perspective that takes into account past trends and future possibilities to inform decision-making and planning. It helps in anticipating challenges, opportunities, and the potential consequences of actions in the long run.

Stimulus Generalization. For Example: A child that has been attacked by a dog becomes frightened by small animals.

Pseudo-psychology is used to describe folk wisdom and such (the psychology people apply to their own lives). People all have their own theories but those aren't scientifically proven.

Psychology tries to find actual real rules and laws when it comes to they human behavior and the mind, which are tested and experimentally proven.

Pseudo-psychology is interesting to the field of psychology because that's a way for psychologist to see how people look at life, what they use to understand society. Nothing people think is stupid or irrelevant, it all has a reason, it has to come from somewhere. That's why psychologists find it so interesting

Optometrists need a Doctor of Optometry degree, which requires the completion of a 4-year program at an accredited school of optometry. Individuals who seek these schools come from a variety of educational backgrounds. Requirements for admission to optometry schools include college courses in English, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology. Because a strong background in science is important, many applicants to optometry school major in a science, such as biology or chemistry, as undergraduates. Other applicants major in another subject and take many science courses offering laboratory experience.

Interoceptive cues are signals from inside the body that provide information about one's internal physiological state, such as heart rate, hunger, or pain. These cues play a role in regulating emotions and behavior.

The phrase "Look before you leap" suggests that it is wise to consider the potential consequences of your actions before proceeding. This concept can be applied to various situations, encouraging individuals to think through decisions carefully to avoid unnecessary risks or negative outcomes. Taking a moment to assess the situation can help make more informed choices and prevent hasty decisions.

Yes, but:

1. It would be most helpful to grasp just how many people with what appear to be personality disorders really have an underlying subclinical depression which may be completely relieved with an appropriate antidepressant. I can't tell you how many people have come to me with apparent personality disorders fulfilling all DSM criteria who were either completely cured with an antidepressant and no longer needed psychotherapy; or, while having their symptoms greatly relieved, now had gained sufficient ego strength that they could be better patients in psychotherapy. And let me add that many of these subclinical depressions do NOT necessarily fulfill DSM criteria for either Disthymic or Major Depressive Disorders.

2. Please forgive the apparent arrogance of this answer, but given the great advantages of using web browsers to obtain additional information on personality disorders, it is critical to check one's work so that the term "personality disorder" is spelled correctly--unless, of course, you have a very forgiving browser!

Steven A. Ager, M.D.

Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry

Temple University

The "father" of psychology Freud was a medical doctor who came up with theory that mental illness was the foundation of many problems. This was in the 1900's and about the same time other researchers were developing theories about development and learning. The new field was called "psychology". Psyc Greek for mind and ology for " study of".

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic perspective likened human mental life to an iceberg, with the unconscious mind representing the vast submerged portion and the conscious mind representing the smaller visible part. Freud believed that exploring the unconscious could reveal hidden motivations and conflicts that influence behavior.

Psychologists in a solo or group practice or those who offer any type of patient care-including clinical, counseling, and school psychologists-must meet certification or licensing requirements in all States and the District of Columbia. Licensing laws vary by State and by type of position and require licensed or certified psychologists to limit their practice to areas in which they have developed professional competence through training and experience. Clinical and counseling psychologists usually need a doctorate in psychology, an approved internship, and 1 to 2 years of professional experience. In addition, all States require that applicants pass an examination. Most State licensing boards administer a standardized test, and many supplement that with additional oral or essay questions. Some States require continuing education for renewal of the license.

Biological psychology focuses on the study of how biological processes within the body influence behavior and mental processes. Evolutionary psychology, on the other hand, examines how behaviors and mental processes have evolved over time to enhance adaptation and survival. In essence, biological psychology looks at the immediate biological mechanisms, while evolutionary psychology seeks to explain behaviors through the lens of natural selection.

A BSN (Bachelor of Science in Nursing) degree prepares individuals to become registered nurses, allowing them to provide direct patient care in various healthcare settings. A degree in psychology provides a strong foundation in understanding human behavior and mental processes, which can be beneficial when working with patients and families in a healthcare setting. Combining both degrees can enhance your ability to provide holistic care by understanding the psychological aspects of a patient's health and well-being.

Innate behavior is known from birth, for example breathing or blinking for humans. We do not need to be taught this behavior. However, learned behaviors are taught and would not otherwise be built upon/perfected alone, like formulating sentences.

there are different types of interviews that psychologists use when accessing their clients. these are; Structured Interviews: fixed predetermined questions and fixed closed ended questions for the clients to answer.
Semi structured interviews: semi- structured guidelines but timing and phrasing is left to the psychologist.
Clerical Interview: Contains guidelines for questioning but timing and phrasing is left to the researcher and further questioning to elaborate on answers.
Unstructured Interviews: A topic is determined for discussion although can be flexible

Write on Anna Freud. Sigmund Freud's youngest daughter. A true pioneer in Child Psychology with a well documented history and interesting life full of triumph. easy write with plenty of resources.

Using your non-dominant hand for a day can be challenging as it may feel clumsy and less coordinated. You may find simple tasks like writing, eating, or brushing your teeth difficult. However, this can also stimulate your brain and improve neural connections, ultimately enhancing your cognitive function in the long run.

It is a model that assumes, that every mental illness has its biological (physiological) basis-- it's an effect of chemical inbalance in the brain, physical abnormality in the brain or genetical abnormality.

According to the model treatment of mental disorders should include medicines, electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) and psychosurgery.

A disadvantage of the model is that does not take into account psychological problems underlying an illness. Additionally, drugs do not cure the illness, they only give a temporary relief from the symptoms.

Medical model treatment is certainly helpful, but it should not be the only way of treating mental disorders-- it needs to be combined with some sort of psychotherapy (e.g. cognitive-behavioural etc.)