Psychological Disciplines

The counselor provided Lance with information on confidentiality to explain how his personal information would be handled. The counselor also discussed the anticipated duration of counseling, where he was trained, and his area of expertise to provide context and build trust in the counseling process.

Pseudo Psychology is the practices which are given resemblance to psychology but in real sense of the word it is not true.It can also be referred to as false psychology. Examples are phrenology,graphology and palmistry.

Psychology was known as philosophy or mental philosophy before it became an independent scientific discipline. Early philosophers like Aristotle and Plato discussed topics related to human behavior and the mind that laid the foundation for psychology as a separate field of study.

It is man's curiosity to know about themselves. People are more likely to watch very scary movies in times of war and natural disaster, and control seems to be a factor. We cannot control a war or natural disaster as individuals, but we can choose to watch something that scares us out of our mind or to turn it off or leave when it gets to be too much.

In making movies, movie makers use psychology to keep us captivated, strike up certain emotions in us, or put us into a trance. While subliminal frames can be inserted, they are more likely to persuade or hypnotize in other ways. A lot is just Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP). That involves saying certain things and moving in certain ways to get agreement or cooperation in others.

Music is another thing that is used to set the emotional mood. Music can make you feel tense, uneasy, excited, etc. You can understand a lot of what is happening in a television show just be listening. For instance, on shows that involve forensic science, they usually use the same type of music each time the characters are busy in the lab. In older programs, it was a droning sound, but now they use a more up-tempo beat to try to help you stay interested. In the late 80's, they tried to use sex appeal as a distraction on medical shows since they assumed everyone would think the show was too "nerdy" without it. Now, they use music to captivate. Music also serves as cues as to what is about to happen. In a horror movie, the music might be off-key or frantically repetitive right before the monster attacks.

Ethics is the philosophical study of moral principles and values that guide human behavior, focusing on what is right or wrong. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, exploring cognitive processes, emotional responses, and social interactions. While ethics deals with the moral aspects of human conduct, psychology examines the underlying psychological mechanisms that influence behavior.

Research psychology mainly works to find out the reasons about a certain behavior whereas applied psychology works to solve a problem or disorder may be by using the facts obtained from the research psychology. An example of research psychology will be chemicals of brain involved in memory and an example of applied psychology will be reduction of depression or use of therapy to treat certain kind of diseases.

I'm not 100% positive, but this is a question on my exam. The choices are

A) a chart listing the basic chemical elements

B) a list of courses required for graduation

C) a list of the types of clothes sold at a retail store

D) a computer program for word processing a term paper.

I'm thinking that it is D. Wundt started the whole, 'describe how this pencil makes you feel', thing. And Titchener just added his study on with colors for example. Kind of like a word processor. If I'm way off, at least you have some options now. :)

Some of the pioneering Filipino psychologists in the field include Virgilio Enriquez, who is known for his work in developing Filipino psychology and establishing Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Another pioneer is Lourdes Arguelles, who contributed to the fields of social and community psychology in the Philippines.

Schools of Thougts

Structuralism

Functionalism

Behaviourism

Psychoanalysis

Gestalt

Humanism

Proponents

Main Idea

Method Used

Contribution to the field of Psychology

Branches of psychology include clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and social psychology. Related fields include psychiatry, counseling, neuroscience, and cognitive science. Each branch and related field focuses on different aspects of human behavior, cognition, and mental health.

Minulation is not a recognized term in psychology. In psychology, various aspects are measured, such as behavior, thoughts, emotions, personality traits, intelligence, and mental health. These measurements help psychologists better understand and predict human behavior.

1. Observational studies involve observing and documenting behavior in natural settings.
2. Surveys involve collecting data through questionnaires or interviews to measure attitudes, opinions, or behaviors.
3. Experimental research involves manipulating variables to determine their effect on behavior.
4. Case studies involve in-depth examination of a single individual or group to gain insights into behavior and psychological processes.

A strong correlation in psychology refers to a relationship between two variables where they tend to change together in a consistent and predictable manner. This means that as one variable increases or decreases, the other variable also increases or decreases. Strong correlations are typically indicated by a correlation coefficient close to +1 or -1.

Industrial-organizational psychology is important because it applies psychological principles to the workplace, helping organizations enhance employee satisfaction, well-being, and productivity. It enables organizations to improve hiring practices, leadership development, employee training, and organizational culture, leading to increased efficiency and success in the workplace.

Antisocial - criminal activity

Prosocial - helping people

A contingency square in psychology refers to a matrix that shows the relationship between different conditions or variables in research. It helps researchers analyze how the presence or absence of one variable is related to the presence or absence of another variable. Contingency squares are often used in studies examining the interaction between two or more factors.

Jung divided life into two halves - in the first one human should develop his conscious - persona and ego; in second he or she must face with the unconscious mind - with shadow, anima/animus and Self archetype.

Longitudinal thinking involves considering how things may change or evolve over time, rather than focusing solely on the present moment. It involves a forward-looking perspective that takes into account past trends and future possibilities to inform decision-making and planning. It helps in anticipating challenges, opportunities, and the potential consequences of actions in the long run.

Stimulus Generalization. For Example: A child that has been attacked by a dog becomes frightened by small animals.

Pseudo-psychology is used to describe folk wisdom and such (the psychology people apply to their own lives). People all have their own theories but those aren't scientifically proven.

Psychology tries to find actual real rules and laws when it comes to they human behavior and the mind, which are tested and experimentally proven.

Pseudo-psychology is interesting to the field of psychology because that's a way for psychologist to see how people look at life, what they use to understand society. Nothing people think is stupid or irrelevant, it all has a reason, it has to come from somewhere. That's why psychologists find it so interesting

Optometrists need a Doctor of Optometry degree, which requires the completion of a 4-year program at an accredited school of optometry. Individuals who seek these schools come from a variety of educational backgrounds. Requirements for admission to optometry schools include college courses in English, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology. Because a strong background in science is important, many applicants to optometry school major in a science, such as biology or chemistry, as undergraduates. Other applicants major in another subject and take many science courses offering laboratory experience.

Interoceptive cues are signals from inside the body that provide information about one's internal physiological state, such as heart rate, hunger, or pain. These cues play a role in regulating emotions and behavior.

The phrase "Look before you leap" suggests that it is wise to consider the potential consequences of your actions before proceeding. This concept can be applied to various situations, encouraging individuals to think through decisions carefully to avoid unnecessary risks or negative outcomes. Taking a moment to assess the situation can help make more informed choices and prevent hasty decisions.

Yes, but:

1. It would be most helpful to grasp just how many people with what appear to be personality disorders really have an underlying subclinical depression which may be completely relieved with an appropriate antidepressant. I can't tell you how many people have come to me with apparent personality disorders fulfilling all DSM criteria who were either completely cured with an antidepressant and no longer needed psychotherapy; or, while having their symptoms greatly relieved, now had gained sufficient ego strength that they could be better patients in psychotherapy. And let me add that many of these subclinical depressions do NOT necessarily fulfill DSM criteria for either Disthymic or Major Depressive Disorders.

2. Please forgive the apparent arrogance of this answer, but given the great advantages of using web browsers to obtain additional information on personality disorders, it is critical to check one's work so that the term "personality disorder" is spelled correctly--unless, of course, you have a very forgiving browser!

Steven A. Ager, M.D.

Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry

Temple University