QBasic

The Print Collector's Quarterly ended in 1950.

First, the QBASIC language has been around for a very long time...over 15+ years; therefore, there are 'many' books which have been written which are related to covering learning/or else, working with the QBASIC programming language.

-(BASIC, itself which is the 'original' programming language that QBASIC is based on has been around since the early 1960's...so, over 50+ years! QBASIC is meant to be 'backwards compatible' with running older BASIC code; thus, it is capable of running many of these older BASIC programs, as well.)-

Some books are highly specific in content...such as those covering QBASIC 'graphics', only.

The books listed below are a lot more 'general' in content. One is a short teaching book/and, the other is a short quick reference guide. I would very highly recommend both of these as being very useful to people who are 'beginners' new to learning programming.

-(I would further suggest that *before* you buy them; hop along to Amazon online bookstore; and, search to find the titles/authors there...; then, read through the 'reviews' of what other people do have to say after having read each of these books.)-

1>

TITLE: QBASIC The Language of DOS

AUTHOR: Mike James

SERIES: The Programmers Library

ISBN: 1-871962-40-4

PAGES: 276

COST: £14.95

NOTE: Mike James is a superb author of programming related books; who gives very clear and simple explantions. This is a teach you how to program using QBASIC book.

2>

TITLE: MS-DOS QBasic

AUTHOR: Kris Jamsa

SERIES: Microsoft Quick Reference

ISBN: 1-55615-355-4

PAGES: 187

COST: £9.99

This is a QBASIC reference guide book; it's NOT a teach you how to program using QBASIC book; instead, it just lists all of the QBASIC keywords, alphabetically; so, that you can quickly and easily find any keyword you need; it also gives example codes so that you can type in the code to find out/and, see for yourself exactly how each command works.

type:

PRINT "I like chocalate!"

QBasic is a programming language that was developed by Microsoft in the early 1990s. It is an interpreted language, which means that the code written in QBasic is not compiled into machine language before it is executed. Instead, it is interpreted by a program called a "compiler," which reads the code and executes it on the fly. QBasic is a simple, beginner-friendly language that is well-suited for learning the basics of programming. It is based on the older programming language BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code). It is not actively developed anymore, but still can be used for educational purposes.

Yes

In QBASIC, string operators allow you to manipulate and combine strings. The primary operator is the concatenation operator, which is the semicolon (;) or the plus sign (+). For example, you can concatenate two strings like this: result$ = "Hello" + " World", resulting in result$ containing "Hello World". You can also use the LEN function to get the length of a string and the MID$, LEFT$, and RIGHT$ functions for extracting parts of strings.

QBASIC code/Editor Screen

(Press key [F5] to make the program RUN/execute...)

====

(Pressing any key returns you straight back to the Editor screen; where you can either chose to further Edit/Re-Run/or else, Save your program.)

Here is another example.

CLS

COLOR 15, 4, 14

PRINT "Press any key to continue"

DO WHILE INKEY$ = ""

LOOP

FOR c = 1 TO 20

COLOR c, 0

PRINT "Replace this with the name you want to display"

NEXT c

COLOR 15, 0

END

For N = 1 to 10

Print 2 * N

Next N

'

'*** PROGRAM: Collecting student data: names/marks.

'

'*** Create 2 array variables to store each students name/marks...

DIM students$(10), marks$(10)

'*** SCREEN ONE/Collect the data...

CLS '...(CL)ear the Output (S)creen

'*** print heading...

PRINT "PROGRAM: Collecting each student names/marks..."

PRINT

'*** A FOR/NEXT loop is used to collect each individual students data...

FOR eachStudentNo% = 1 TO 10

'*** Get each students names/marks

'by typing these values in from the keyboard....

PRINT eachStudentNo%; ">"

INPUT " Enter student name"; students$(eachStudentNo%)

INPUT "Enter student marks"; marks$(eachStudentNo%)

NEXT

'*** SCREEN TWO: Output the collected data...

CLS '...(CL)ear the Output (S)creen

'*** Print headings...

PRINT "Student No.", "Student Name", "Student Marks"

PRINT

'*** FOR/NEXT loop is used to print out the 2 array student 'name/marks' values...

FOR eachStudentNo% = 1 TO 10

'*** print out each students 'number/name/mark' values...

PRINT eachStudentNo%,

PRINT students$(eachStudentNo%),

PRINT marks$(eachStudentNo%)

NEXT

END '...END of program/halt program code execution

Sub programs allow you to break up one long program; into being a series of much smaller tasks; usually, controlled by a main program. Example...

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As you can see from the above 2 examples; the 2nd example, although longer, creates code that is much clearer and simpler to read. Even non-programmers should be able to figure out what the 'Main Program' section is doing.

NOTE: There are certain rules for the use of sub-routines. Such as the sub routine should confine itself to doing just 'one' task at a time. So, SUB clearScreen...does just 'one' job, alone...which is to (CL)ear the output (S)creen. It does NOT clear the screen AND get the user to input a number. This makes it quicker and easier to debug programs; as you know exactly where the code is going wrong; so, for example, if the screen didn't clear, properly...then, look at the Sub-routine called: SUB clearScreen. If the title didn't appear; then, look at the Sub-routine called: SUB printTitle. /-Etc.

10 cls

20 input"enter word";word$

30 print word$

40 print len(word$)

50 end

this program is for GW BASIC for other BASIC's the line numbers are optional.

While--wend statement is used to execute a loop until a given condition is true.if the condition is false the loop ends and the program continous to the line following eend.

swap (int *a, int *b) {

*a ^= *b;

*b ^= *a;

*a ^= *b;

}

Q - basic was created by Microsoft

DIM nums(10)

CLS

FOR i = 0 TO 9

nums(i) = (RND * 10) + 1

PRINT nums(i)

NEXT

PRINT : PRINT "Press Enter to sort numbers"

rem pause to look at numbers

DO WHILE INKEY$ = "": LOOP

CLS

FOR loop1 = 0 TO 9

FOR loop2 = loop1 + 1 TO 9

IF nums(loop1) > nums(loop2) THEN SWAP nums(loop1), nums(loop2)

NEXT

NEXT

FOR i = 0 TO 9: PRINT nums(i): NEXT

BASIC is an acronym which means...

(B)eginner's (A)ll-purpose (S)ymbollic (I)nstruction (C)ode

As a part of the name already implies: (A)ll-purpose/QBASIC is a 'general purpose' programming language; which may be used to write all different sorts of programs, including...

-games

-noughts & crosses/tic tac toe

-databases

-maths

-english

-random poetry

-guess the number

-random graphics

-musical notes

-etc.

This is in direct comparison to certain other programming languages which were designed to do only one main task alone; such as...

FORTRAN/main purpose: Science/Maths

COBOL/main purpose: Business

LOGO/main purpose: Graphics

HTML/main purpose: Write/present web pages

-etc.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

"Quick"

Cls

print the multiples tables of 1 to 5

for x=1 to 5

for y=1 to 10

print x;"*";y;"=";x*y

next y

print

print

next x

end

#include<stdio.h>

int main ()

{

printf ("2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20");

return 0;

}

'*** Choose which specific times tables number to print out...

intTablesNo%=6

'*** (CL)ear the Output (S)creen...

CLS

'*** Start of FOR/NEXT loop block statement/loop counts upwards from 1 to 12...

FOR intTimesNo%=1 TO 12

'*** PRINT out each times tables number sum...

PRINT intTimesNo%; " X "; intTablesNo%; " = "; intTimesNo%*intTablesNo%

'*** end of FOR/NEXT loop block statement...

NEXT

'*** END of program/halt program code execution...

END

'*** NOTE: Once you understand how the above program works...;

' then, you can safely DELETE all of the explanatory comment statement lines...

' each of which begin with a single apostrophe: ('). -Thanks! ;-)

QBASIC free downlaods are from cnet.com or softepedia.com.

Hope this is helpful to you..... if u want anything else just mail it to rockmayur@live.com..

-It was invented by two Darthmouth College professors, John Kemeny and Tom Kurtz in 1964.

-A 19 year old Bill Gates he call as Microsoft BASIC

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