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Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of the structure and behavior of atoms and molecules. It is primarily based on Max Planck's Quantum theory, which incorporates Heisenberg's uncertainly principle and the de Broglie wavelength to establish the wave-particle duality on which Schrodinger's equation is based.
916 Questions
How can we calculate the power of bremsstrahlung with Z and a mass?
I am not sure what "Z" refers to. In any case, I don't think you have enough information if you only know Z and a mass.The calculation for the power of Bremsstrahlung can be found in the Wikipedia article, under "Larmar Formula". It seems that you need some additional information, such as the acceleration.
What information is needed to determine the orientation of the orbital?
Magnetic quantum number (m_l) is needed to determine the orientation of an orbital.
The time-independent Schr
Democritus thought that matter was made of tiny particles that?
He asked the question: If you break a piece of matter in half, and then break it in half again, how many breaks will you have to make before you can break it no further? Democritus thought that at some point one would get to a smallest possible bit of matter. He called these basic matter particles, atoms. Atom in Greek means "indivisible".
Entanglement is a state that sub-atomic patricles can enter, where the properties of one particle mimic exactly the properties of another. No matter the physical distance between the two particles, they will continue to mimic each others properties. If one particle is infused with energy, the other particle will act as though it has also been infused. This opens many doors for transportation of energy, as well as information.
AnswerI don't think the two particles necessarily have the same property - they could just as easily have opposite properties. For example, suppose you are given an unstable particle, and you measure its velocity (and let's say for the sake of argument its velocity is 0). Suppose it then decays into two identical particles. Suppose you know it has decayed, but you haven't measured the velocities of either of the new particles. But you know that they are moving apart in opposite directions, and at the same speed (by the law of conservation of momentum). Hence, if you measure the velocity (speed and direction) of one of them, you will know the velocity of the other one. In this case, the two particles are entangled.On the issue of long-distance communication mentioned above, I don't think it is possible to send a message using entanglement. It is true that a measurement of one particle will affect the measurement of the other, even if they are very far apart. But it is not possible to control what the measured state of your particle is, and therefore one cannot control the state of the other particle.
However, it is (theoretically) possible to use entanglement to make long-distance communication secure. The sender creates many pairs of entangled particles, and sends one from each pair. By the uncertainty principle, it is impossible to completely measure the state of a pair. The two people make partial measurements of the states of their particles. Then they tell each other (publicly) which observables they have measured (eg "I measured the position/momentum [delete one] of particle 37"). If both measured the position, or if both measured the momentum, then they know they have observed the same value (because the particles were entangled). These measurements, which they agree on, become the key for the encryption/decryption using some (symmetric) cipher. Now suppose someone intercepts the particles. The interloper will not be able to re-create particles entangled with the original ones. This means that the sender and receiver will not in fact have the same key. In that case, they can detect the intrusion by taking a small random sample of the particles and telling each other (publicly) what position/momentum they observed. They will then know it is not safe to use the key, and must try again.
According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, objects with mass "bend" space-time, which is part of how gravity works. (Space-time is basically the combination of space at time, using time as a kind of "fourth dimension".)
When objects move around, they change the way the space-time is curved around them. In some cases, when an object accelerates, the result changes in the curvature of space-time propagate outwards at the speed of light. The propagation of the changes in the curvature of space-time is what is known as gravitational waves.
Where you can get solution of quantum mechanics by R shanker?
You can find the solution manual for "Principles of Quantum Mechanics" by R. Shankar in various places online, such as through academic websites or forums. It may also be available for purchase from bookstores or online retailers.
What is law of quantum energy quantum mass?
I don't think there is such a law. I suspect you just mixed up several terms.
What is the main difference between visible and coherent light?
First let us remove the word visible from this question and replace it with incoherent, as visible light can be either coherent or incoherent and coherent light can be either inside the visible spectrum or outside it.
- Incoherent light is random/unordered, e.g. wave phases different, shines in all directions, polychromatic.
- Coherent light is ordered in one or more ways, e.g. wave phases all synchronized, shines in one unidirectional collimated beam, monochromatic.
The difference between light in the visible spectrum or outside it is only whether humans can see it or not, there is no difference in the light itself other than wavelength.
What is meant by overlapping wave functions?
Pretty much the same thing as when ANY type wave activity overlaps.
If a fluid wave from one source meets up with wave in the same fluid, but from a different source, you have overlapping waves. The result can be interference, both destructive and constructive.
The same thing happens when you have EM waves (ie, light) coming from two different sources. This can happen if the EM radiation has a wavelength of one meter (ie, radio waves) or one angstrom (x-rays), or anything in between.
Erwin Schroendinger hypothesized the usefulness (existence?) of a wave function, which can be used to accurately predict the behavior of sub-atomic particles. It has been found that, when predicting such behavior, one can assume that this wave function also acts like a fluid wave or a EM wave. You can accurately predict maxima and minima of the probability of an electron, over time, reaching a specific point in space given two possible paths for that electron. Simply assume that the two possible paths of the electron are like sources of this wave function, then assume the two wave functions overlap (just like other waves), and then do the math -- and, at the end, you have an accurate prediction of the probability that an electron will reach somewhere.
Scientists still debate just what this MEANS -- is this wave function something REAL, or just a mathematical trick that just happens to work? No matter what the case, assuming an overlapping wave function is like other overlapping waves, allows us to predict what will happen.
Writing mechanics is a comprehensive term that addresses the technical aspects of writing. This includes spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar. Having these items in place allows for reading material to be properly understood.
If the frequency of light is greater than the threshold frequency will photoelectric effect starts?
Yes - that's how it works.
What is sub-atomic energy polarity field intersection or containment points?
A measurement of the polar forces resulting in setting the physical boundaries of a sub-atomic particle in space, and relative to the counteracting forces maintaining its present position and space/matter/anti-matter composition.*
Supposing the universe be entirely made from energy waves and space/matter/anti-matter born entirely from the intersection of wave form energies, and all waves connecting in all directions to all points in space:
An intersection point in space resulting from intersecting energy waves at a given point in space and the measurement of attraction and repulsion made from the assessment of by "theoretical" encapsulation of energy waves in a polarized energy field forming a particle of energy within a particular threshold. That encapsulation of energy waves subject to forces that would contain the particle's energy at that point, the forces of containment providing a boundary of counteracting forces that prevent that energy at that point in space from shifting to a different state and/or location in space and remain encapsulated in equilibrium with itself and outer energies; and a negative or positive to be associated to the particle relative to a directional force acting upon the particle by another particle at another point in space (though actually not a particle but a force boundary to unitize an infinite length and amount of energy waves).
True, at relatively low speeds, if the projectile was launched at maybe the speed of light, improbable as it is, this may give it enough momentum to carry on past the point were the planet's gravity has a large effect on its motion and therefore carry on moving away from the planet until stopped by another force, however, even if the initial velocity of the projectile is the same as that planets escape velocity (the speed it needs to travel at to leve the planet) this speed is not constant and the projectile will feel a very large force from the gravity of the planet and hence be brought back down to its surface
What is density matrix in quantum mechanics?
It is a Hermitian positive-semidefinite matrix of trace one that describes the statistical state of a quantum system.
Hermitian matrix is defined as A=A^(dagger). Meaning that NxN matrix A is equal to it's transposed complex conjugate.
Trace is defined as adding all the terms on the diagonal.
What is the Complementary Principle in Quantum Mechanics?
The Complementary Principle in Quantum Mechanics states that certain pairs of properties, like position and momentum, cannot be measured simultaneously with arbitrary precision. This principle arises from the wave-particle duality of quantum particles, meaning that the more accurately you measure one property, the less accurately you can measure its complementary property. It reflects the inherent uncertainty and limitations imposed by quantum mechanics on our ability to precisely know certain pairs of conjugate variables.
Why must the CKM matrix be unitary?
Unitary matrices leave the expectation value unchanged.
We need the mixing matrix to be unitary (to preserve the mixed quarks as a basis, to preserve length);
if VCKM were not unitary, it would perhaps suggest that a fourth generation of
quarks needed to be considered or included.
Why planck's constant is written as h?
I've never seen this stated, so this is a guess: probably from harmonisch (German for "harmonic"), since Planck was attempting to develop equations of motion for light by treating it as a set of harmonic oscillators.
Does quantum mechanics answer the question of free will and human responsibility?
However, there is a minority interpretation of quantum mechanics called Super Determinism, which holds that everything in the universe runs a precisely structured course that have been decided in some way since the Big Bang, and that everything in the past and future had and has only one precise predetermined course in which it is meaningless to speak of choice (for the process of the choice is part of the precise course too), and which need not have been predetermined by intelligence eitheri. It was proposed as a solution to circumvent the problem of measurement, so dire for the mainstream interpretation of quantum mechanics, the Copenhagen interpretation. For if everything is predetermined, there is no real wave function to collapse, so no time or place in which it collapses! However, the theory faces problems of its own, namely its hidden suggestion that an object can simultaneously can possess a precise possession and velocity, as well as some other properties, all of which were denied by an object's description in wave mechanics. Besides, even the object did really have these properties, since they are undetectable(uncertainty Principle), it would be very hard to validate the theory itself!
Even this theory, I feel, were it to succeed, would do very little in the way of describing human freedom. For how would we know if everything is predetermined, unless we know the course of everything through spacetime, past and future, in the universe? But we can't do that, we are not the Miltonic God or Laplacian devil. We just can't jump out of the system like in films. Human freedom also comes with something subtler- not merely being free to make decisions but to feel that you are free to do so at the same time. The mere fact that choices are predetermined will not fully account for this situation, and were we really to have no free-will it is in my opinion that it would be impossible for us to realise it is so with this neurological condition. Besides, where's the harm in determined choices, if you get the sensation of making them freely and so does everyone else (so no huma Matrix basically...)
From a Buddhist Perspective:A creator/agent having the ability to have a design or predestination for the infinite universe is the anti-thesis of Buddhism. The aim of Buddhism is to attain enlightenment/nirvana - an aim to liberate oneself or progress for the better of yourself and humanity. The entire concept of karma would be undermined thus preventing an attainment of liberation suggesting free will is simply an illusion. Furthermore the principles of quantum mechanics states uncertainty or unpredictability of the movement of a particle in any given situation, nonetheless not even the most complicated mathematical equation can lead to the predictablility leaving the observer with nothing more than "probability" of the movement of a particle. If science can't even determine the movement of an atom how can they even determine the causation of the entire universe?!
Let's think outside the box. Einstien didn't like uncertainty if he was right then every thing would be perdetermined. The effect on mass from quantum mechanics is defined by Richard Feynman's Quantum paths. There is a long time for the paths to realign before the universe collapses. Make your own conclusion.
Define triangle law of forces and polygon law of forces?
Three forces in equilibrium can be represented in magnitude and direction by the three sides of a triangle taken in order. If a number of forces acting simultaneously on a particle be represented in magnitude and direction by the sides of a polygon taken in order, their resultant may be represented in magnitude and direction by the closing side of the polygon taken in opposite order.
Cold is the absence of heat. No doubt about it . . . take away enough heat,
and you can make anything cold.
When is friction necessary for some type of movement to occur?
If a ball slides down a frictionless hill there will be no rotation of the ball. But with friction the ball will both translate and rotate down the hill.
What would happen if you combine a dilithium crystal with a flux capacitor?
The anti-matter tachyons would reverse their polarity, creating a physi-babble field of strength 20.3 kilo-cochrans. It would be pretty impressive, I think you agree.
But that's not the only thing that would happen. To be completely correct about it,
anything could happen that you want to happen. You've already made up dilithium
crystals and flux capacitors, so why stop there ? Go ahead and write the rest of
the story. Complete the fantasy, and tell the rest of us what happens next.
Caution: in experiment with such arrangements it MUST be kept in mind that dilithium crystals have a maximum power dispersal rate of only 11269 KWatts and there come a point where they just 'can't take anymore'.
