Respiratory System

The respiratory system, of mammals in particular, consists of respiratory airways, lungs and muscles concerned with respiration. The respiratory airways include the trachea, bronchiole, alveoli. Lungs perform function of exchange of gases. Muscles of the diaphragm contribute to breathing activity.

For a detailed explanation of various anatomical parts of the respiratory system, visit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system

The respiratory pigment present in red blood cells is called hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is responsible for binding and transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body and plays a crucial role in maintaining normal oxygen levels in the body.

Ciliary dysfunction in the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract is responsible for the smoker's cough. Smoking damages the cilia, which are tiny hairs that help to move mucus and debris out of the airways. When cilia are impaired, mucus and irritants accumulate, leading to coughing as the body tries to expel them.

Ciliated epithelial cells line much of the respiratory tract. These cells have hair-like structures called cilia that help to move mucus and particles up and out of the airways to prevent infections and keep the lungs clear.

On average, we lose about 400-500 mL of fluid per day through the respiratory tract via normal breathing. This loss of fluid occurs due to the humidification of the air we inhale and the exhalation of water vapor during respiration.

The reason for this is that oxygen and carbon dioxide need to diffuse through this membrane very quickly to re-oxygenate the blood. The thicker the barrier, the longer the process, and since breathing is rather rapid it needs to happen fast.

Smoking can damage the cilia in the lungs, which are responsible for clearing mucus and particles from the airways. This can lead to a buildup of mucus and reduced ability to clear out harmful substances from the lungs, decreasing respiratory efficiency. Additionally, smoking can cause inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making it harder to breathe.

The initial site of respiration in humans is the nose or mouth, where air is inhaled and oxygen is taken in. From there, the oxygen travels down the trachea into the lungs where it is absorbed into the bloodstream and exchanged for carbon dioxide.

The trachea, commonly called the windpipe, is the opening adjacent to the esophagus opening, that leads to the lungs. The cartilage rings are incomplete to allow proper collapsing, so that food can go down the right pipe.

Your respiratory system is the system that brings oxygen onto your body and is mainly associated with the lungs and the windpipe bringing the air down from your mouth. Teh ribs are the bones of your chest that curve round your lungs. They form a cage around the lungs which stops the lungs being crushed. If your lung is pressed flat it cannot take in air. It needs to be inflated like a balloon. Without your ribs every time you came into contact with something it would push the air out of your lungs and wind you.

The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is responsible for carrying air to and from the lungs. It is lined with a mucous membrane that helps to trap any dust or particles in the air before it reaches the lungs, protecting the respiratory system. The trachea also contains C-shaped rings of cartilage which provide structure and prevent it from collapsing.

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen is taken in from the air we breathe and carbon dioxide is released from the blood. They have thin walls that allow for gas exchange between the air and the blood stream, ensuring that oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is expelled from the body during respiration. This process is essential for providing the body with the oxygen it needs for energy production.

You breathe in the complete mixture of all the gases in the air. Your body then extracts some of the oxygen for you to use and replaces it with carbon dioxide as a waste product. Then you breathe out the resulting mix, which has more carbon dioxide and less oxygen in it than what you breathed in.

Breathing is done by your diaphragm. When you breathe in, your diaphragm tightens (contracts) and moves downward so your lungs can expand. When you breathe out (exhale) your diaphragm relaxes (expands) and moves up into your chest.

Teeth are not directly involved in the respiratory system. They are part of the digestive system, as they aid in chewing food to make it easier to swallow and digest. However, a healthy mouth with intact teeth is important for overall health and well-being, which includes the respiratory system.

The respiratory system works with the body to help our body function correctly. One of the things it does is it gives our cells/blood oxygen to take to the rest of our body.
the respiratory system affects the body by allowing you to obtain oxygen

G: Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 NADH + 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 H2O + 2 H+

input = Glucose, NAD+, ATP => also (+) coenzyme A?

output = Pyruvate, NADH, net ATP => Acetyl CoA + CO2 + more NADH

Kreb's Cycle:

Input = Acetyl CoA, NADH, ATP

Output = CO2, ATP, NADH, FADH2

ETC:

Input = H+, O2, NADH, FADH2

Output = H2O and ATP, NAD+

Anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen and food substances are patially broken down.They releases smaller amount of energy and produces lactic acid or alcohal.In human body, anaerobic respiration often occurs in the muscles during vigorous exercise because they don't get enough oxygen.

Anaerobic respiration in humans can only happen for a short amount of time. The reason for this is that Anaerobic means without oxygen, and humans need oxygen to breath. Aerobic means with oxygen, so normally humans aerobically respire. However, if you are short of breath after viscous exercise for a short period of time you anaerobically respire.

To produce the maximum amount of ATP (energy) your body can. Its either anaerobic (no oxygen) or aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration produces less ATP than aerobic due to lack of oxygen, thus the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain can not continue as oxygen is needed.

During the age of the dinosaurs,on the one hundred and third full moon the Anteater had crashed to earth, five ninjas teleported into its anal passages and drank the milk that they discovered there. The milk gave them a stomach ache, but they enjoyed and welcomed the feeling.

During a fight or flight response, the release of stress hormones like adrenaline (epinephrine) triggers an increase in heart rate. This physiological response is designed to prepare the body for immediate action by supplying more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles and brain.

Cilia are hair-like structures found on the surface of cells. They help in movement by either propelling fluid or particles past the cell, or by moving the cell itself. In the respiratory tract, cilia help to sweep mucus and debris out of the airways.

Surface tension is a property of a liquid that causes its surface to behave like an elastic membrane. It is due to the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules which results in the liquid trying to minimize its surface area. This leads to effects like droplets forming or insects being able to walk on water.