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Respiratory System
The respiratory system includes the lungs and the airway. The questions in this category focus mainly on the anatomical and physiological processes associated with breathing.
2,890 Questions
Does the paramecium have a respiratory system?
Paramecium does not have a respiratory system like humans do. It absorbs oxygen directly from its environment through its cell membrane, and expels carbon dioxide in a similar manner.
How the plant respiratory system works?
Plants do not have respiratory organs such as gills or lungs, they need carbon to store energy in the form of glucose. Therefore they retrieve carbon dioxide from the air. As a rest product of photosynthesis, oxygen is produced. Plants have small holes on the bottom of their leaves called stomata. The stomata are used for gas exchange and to bring carbon dioxide into the leaf and the cells of the plant can remove the oxygen. The carbon dioxide from the atmosphere diffuses through the stomata into the air spaces inside the leaf, which is in direct contact with the spongy and palisade mesophyll cells. They are normally open in the day light and closed at night. If the stomata are on the branches, they are called lenticels.
Plants have cells enclosing the stomata named guard cells. These cells are responsible for controlling the size of the stomata, defence against small insects and stopping water from escaping out of the stomata. The guard cells squeeze shut, closing the stomata.
When CO2 levels are low, like at night when the stomata are closed, the enzyme reaction that normally produces glucose and oxygen reverses and starts using oxygen and producing CO2. This is called photorespiration and is a wastefull process for the plant. To prevent this process specialized biochemical additons have evolved in the plant world: C4 and CAM metabolisms prevent respiration by seperating parts of the parts of the photosythesis process into different parts of the plant cell.
How does the respiratory system affect the metabolic system?
No, not really. Metabolism is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and hormones released by the endocrine system. In particular, the thyroid gland.
actually yes as the respiratory system releases air thee circulatory system breathes in and that is how they work toghether and when you excersise it does affect by the abwser i just gave you.What are the main components in an earthworms respiratory system?
An earthworm's respiratory system consists of their skin, which is thin and moist, allowing for gas exchange with the environment. Oxygen is absorbed through the skin while carbon dioxide is released. There are no specialized respiratory organs such as lungs or gills in earthworms.
What does anaerobic methanogens produce?
Under Anaerobic conditions methanogens will utilise the end products of Acetogenesis Carbondioxide and hydrogen and produce methane and water molecules...
What is the equation for respiratory minute volume?
Minute ventilation represents the sum ofexhaled tidal volumes over a period of one minute. VE = VT x f; where VE is minute ventilation (the V should have a dot over it), VT is tidal volume, and f is frequency (respiratory rate).
On Google Books check out "Pulmonary Function Testing and Cardiopulmonary Stress Testing," by Vincent C. Madama, page 86, 196, and 300-301: http://books.google.com/books?id=WDSVGYUc7FIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Pulmonary+Function+Testing+and+Cardiopulmonary+Stress+Testing#v=onepage&q=&f=false
Why are the walls of the windpipe made of stiff material?
The walls of the windpipe (trachea) are made of cartilage rings to prevent collapse and maintain an open passageway for air to flow in and out of the lungs. The stiff material provides support and protection to keep the trachea open during breathing and prevent blockages.
Does your respiratory rate increase with fever?
Yes, during a fever the body often increases its respiratory rate in an effort to cool down. This increased respiratory rate helps to release heat from the body and maintain a normal core temperature.
What is the difference between a trachea and a glottis?
The trachea is the throat, responsible for the passage of air to the lungs and food to the stomach. The glottis is the space between the vocal cords and is responsible for pronunciation and speech.
A bleep is a short, high-pitched sound used to censor inappropriate language or content in broadcasting. It is commonly heard on television or radio when explicit words are muted out to maintain censorship standards.
What happens to the oxygen in the alveoli?
The oxygen diffuses into the bloodplasma in the capillaries in the lung, from there it diffuses into the erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC's) and from there it gets bound to Hemoglobin (haemoglobin).
The diffusion of oxygen can take place because the oxygenconcentration in the bloodplasma is very low (and the same goes vor the erythrocytes). Because of the diffusion eventually the concentration in the air in the alveoli, the bloodplasma and the erythrocytes would become equal and the diffusion would stop. This is where the hemoglobin comes into play, by binding oxygen hemoglobin lowers the concentration of oxygen in the erythrocyte, because of this oxygen from the bloodplasma will diffuse into the erythrocyte thus lowering the concentration in the plasma thus causing more oxygen from the alveoli to diffuse into the bloodplasma. This cycle goes on until the haemoglobin in the erythrocytes if fully saturated, or the blood leaves the lungcapillaries.
Note: bloodplasma, h(a)emoglobin and maybe some other words might not be spelled correctly (but I'm sure they'll sound familliar and you'll know the correct spelling), I'm sorry...
Why is surfactant important in alveoli?
Surfactant reduces the surface tension within in your lungs, your alveoli have a wet surface and if surfactant were not present they would stick together causing a difficulty in expanding your thoracic cavity-so you wouldn't be able to breath without surfactant.
Respiratory function of the thorax?
The thorax is the region of the trunk between the neck and the diaphragm (essentially the chest). Its main respiratory function (despite being the space that contains all the other respiratory organs) is to enable the act of breathing.
Essentially, the act of breathing is about changing the volume of your thoracic cavity; increasing it to breathe in and decreasing it to breathe out.
Your lungs are surrounded by an airtight 'skin' called the pleural membrane. This allows the two lungs to be contained in one airtight sac and the only way in or out is through the trachea and ultimately the mouth or nose. When the thoracic space increases, a pressure gradient is created between the external (higher) air pressure and the internal (lower) air pressure, thus, air flows down the pressure gradient into the lungs to equalize the pressure and you have breathed in. When breathing out the reverse happens, the thoracic volume decreases creating a pressure gradient (higher on the inside, lower on the outside) and air flows out of the lungs.
Muscles are responsible for changing the volume of your thoracic cavity. The most important is the diaphragm. When relaxed it is dome shaped with the top near the base of your lungs and the bottom at the lower end of your rib cage. When it contracts, it pulls down and increases the internal space allowing the inspiration of air. The other muscles involved are called the intercostals. They are located in between your ribs and are divided between the internal and the external ones. When the external intercostal muscles contract, they increase the space between each of the ribs and therefore increase the thoracic space. When the internal intercostal muscles contract, they pull the ribs closer together and decrease the internal volume (breathing out). There are also muscles in the neck (sternocleidomastoid and scalenes) that help the chest rise up and out when inspiring. All these muscles work together to increase the thoracic volume and enable the act of breathing.
Why is Cardio-respiratory Endurance needed for swimming?
Cardio-respiratory endurance is important for swimming because it helps improve your heart and lung function, allowing for more efficient oxygen delivery to the muscles. This is crucial for sustaining energy levels during long swim sessions and increasing overall endurance in the water. Good cardio-respiratory endurance also aids in recovery post-swim by enhancing the body's ability to process and remove waste products like lactic acid.
Closing the glottis is mainly controlled by the muscles in the larynx. During activities like swallowing or holding your breath, the muscles around the larynx contract to close the glottis and prevent substances from entering the airway.
Diffusion in the respiratory system?
Diffusion in the respiratory system refers to the process by which gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, are exchanged between the lungs and the bloodstream. This occurs at the alveoli, where oxygen from the air diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the air. Diffusion occurs because of the concentration gradient of these gases between the alveoli and the blood.
What are examples of respiratory problems that would result in pH and pco2 like in rebreathing?
Examples of respiratory problems that could result in a pH and pCO2 profile similar to rebreathing include respiratory depression from drug overdose, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation, or hypoventilation due to neuromuscular disorders. These conditions can lead to CO2 retention and respiratory acidosis, similar to what occurs during rebreathing of exhaled air.
Why can CO2 exhalation be used as a measure of respiratory rate in humans?
CO2 exhalation can be used as a measure of respiratory rate in humans because as we breathe out, we release CO2 which is a byproduct of cellular metabolism. This exchange of gases reflects the rate at which our body is producing and releasing CO2, which is directly related to our respiratory rate. By measuring the level of CO2 exhaled, we can determine how effectively our respiratory system is working.
Stages of aerobic cellular respiration?
There are 3 processes in aerobic respiration. Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, and electron transport chain.
A very, very simply, the equation for all those processes is Glucose + Oxygen = Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water.
But I will describe all these steps a little more detailed for you:
Glycolysis:
1- one molecule of glucose is converted into pyruvate
2- pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA and CO2
3- the acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle (Kreb's Cycle)
4- 2 ATP molecules, 2 water molecules, and 2 NADH molecules are produced.
Kreb's Cycle:
5- Acetyl CoA is converted into citrate which then goes through a serious of chemical transformations, losing 2 carboxyl groups as CO2 (it is converted back to acetyl CoA by losing the 2 CO2 molecules which helps the production of citric acid)
6- citric acid is broken down and makes 2 molecules of CO2
7- After 2 complete cycles of the Kreb's cycle, 6 NADH molecules, 2 FADAH2 molecules, 2 ATP molecules, and 4 CO2 molecules are produced.
The Electron Transport Chain:
8- H+ electrons from molecules produced in previous steps (H+ removed from NADH, making it NAD+)
9- the H+ are combined with O2 molecules through different membrance transports and the electrical potential between all chemicals is used to generate ATP from ADP+phosphate
10- 32-34 molecules of ATP are produced
Overall, 38 molecules of ATP are generated for every molecule of glucose in the aerobic respiration steps.
Hope this helps. Sorry if I was unclear at any point.
What is the respiratory medium of people and fish?
Humans primarily use air as their respiratory medium, extracting oxygen from the air and releasing carbon dioxide. Fish, on the other hand, use water as their respiratory medium, extracting oxygen from the water through their gills.
Is bloodstream important for the respiratory system to do its job?
The blood system is only there for the Oxygen to be transported. If you are talking about the job of removeing carbon dioxide from the muscles and replaceing it with oxygen then yes the blood system is very important.
Why is the adult respiratory rate lower than an infant's respiratory rate?
Infants have smaller lungs, and although they also have smaller bodies, the smaller lungs must work faster to exchange the amount of gasses, i.e. O2 and CO2, the same way their hearts beat faster than an adult's to pump the amount of blood they need because of it's small size.
What are the primary functions of the respiratory epithelium?
The primary functions of the respiratory epithelium are to humidify and warm the air as it enters the respiratory tract, as well as to protect the underlying tissues from pathogens and foreign particles. Additionally, the respiratory epithelium is involved in the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the air and the blood in the lungs.
Why do mammals have large numbers of alveoli?
There are about 300 million alveoli in each of your lungs. These tiny air sacs provide an ideal site for the diffusion of gases into and out of the blood.
The alveoli have a very large surface area. In fact if all of the alveoli in your lungs were spread out flat they would cover the area of a tennis court. This large surface area is the result of all the alveoli being small spheres. It is another example of the importance of the surface area: volume ratio.
The reaction site of the first and second steps of aerobic respiration is called?
The reaction site of the first and second steps of aerobic respiration is called the matrix. Aerobic respiration occurs inside a Golgi body.
