Woodrow Wilson

President Woodrow Wilson studied international relations, previous treaties, and the wishes and desires of the nations of Europe and the world, and drew up a list of 14 things he thought should be included in the final treaty, which would be known as the Treaty of Versailles. Wilson personally went to Versailles to persuade other nations. He was greeted as a hero in Europe, but he was thought to be naive by other negotiators.

The two most crucial things he asked in the 14 Points were, first, that Germany not be required to pay reparations, but instead be allowed to rebuild into a commercial, trading and industrial power (without arms). Unfortunately, this was not in the treaty -- it was the massive reparations that Germany could not pay which led to hyperinflation in the German and Austrian economies, and collapse of the economies. That collapse led to the rise of radical parties, including the National Socialists, and the rise of Adolf Hitler in 1932 and 1933.

The second was the creation of an international body to work to keep peace, a league of nations. The League of Nations was created by the treaty.

Unfortunately, Wilson did not have the support of conservatives in the U.S. The U.S. Senate refused to ratify the treaty, and the U.S. was never a member of the League of Nations -- a point which helped make the League unable to stop the rush to World War II two decades later.

Wilson undertook a national speaking tour to rally the U.S. people to his side, but he suffered a stroke during the tour, and he was never healthy again.

Here is a list of the 14 Points in detail, from the text of a speech President Wilson gave to a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1918:

I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.

II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.

III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.

IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.

V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.

VI. The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.

VII. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired.

VIII. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.

IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.

X. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.

XI. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.

XII. The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.

XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.

XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

Here's a compl

He didn't like the ratifications made by the senate.

Woodrow Wilson spoke against the triple wall of privilege, namely the tariff, the banks, and the trusts in his 1912 platform.

he sent marines to help venustiano carranza assume the presidency

New Freedom

"Moral diplomacy" promoted human rights, independence, and equal opportunity.

He had To stop his effort to win support for the league of nations

Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States. In general, most Americans believed in his ideals but wanted some changes made.

Woodrow Wilson's opinion began to change when the attack of the German U-boats killed many people in the US.

Well...

I have a headcahe from answering these questions all day long. It would help if you could please just give me the answers already so i can get off

toodles (:

Woodrow Wilson was unwilling to compromise with Henry Cabot Lodge, a powerful senator. Without LodgeÕs support, Wilson was unable to obtain a two-thirds majority to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and join the League of Nations.

President Wilson had a stroke. It was kept a secret.

Treaty of Versailles :{D

Woodrow Wilson provided many of the key ideas and personally negotiated many details in the peace treaty that ended World War I. He created the slogan "Peace without Victory" to persuade America to not go to war.Though when Germany stopped sea traffic, sunk U.S. ships, and killed innocent Americans, Woodrow Wilson declared war. Nine months later, he introduced the Fourteen Points plan for peace, which included freedom of navigation of the seas, the return of land, and and independent Polish state. A year later, he went to Versailles to negotiate a treaty with the other of the big four (Italy, France, and England). The Allies disliked Wilson's emphasis on freedom for ethnic groups. At first, Germany refused to sign the peace treaty because officials did not want to have part of their army taken away, return the land they had taken, and pay for the damages, but then they did after pressure from France. Wilson did not want to force Germany to give up everything, but eventually he lost that argument with France. So finally. after battling for and losing some of what he wanted Wilson signed the the Treaty of Versailles, and peace, though a flawed peace, was restored to the world.

The nation of Colombia never seemed to be happy about the Panama Canal deal that exploded on them in 1903. To ease relations with Colombia, when Woodrow took over the US presidency he awarded Colombia $25 Million for the entire "misunderstanding".

The extremely violent civil war that broke out in Mexico in 1911 drove hundreds of thousands of refugees north across the border, and forced Wilson to intervene. Francisco Madero, an idealistic reformer who came to power in 1911. Madero tried to violently upend the social order in Mexico by destroying the landed aristocracy and the Catholic Church. When Madero was overthrown and murdered by Victoriano Huerta in February 1913, days before Wilson took office, he refused to recognize the new Mexican government. Relations deteriorated between the two countries. After American sailors were arrested in Tampico in April 1914 by Huerta's soldiers, the armed conflict loomed. American soldiers occupied Vera Cruz. In July 1914 Huerta fled to Spain. In 1916 the civil war between warlords Venustiano Carranza and Pancho Villa continued, and in March Villa raided Columbus, New Mexico, killing 20 Americans.[21] Wilson sent Brigadier General John J. Pershing deep into Mexico to capture Villa. Villa escaped the Americans. Despite the demands of outraged senators, Wilson did not declare war on Mexico. He ran for reelection in 1916 on the slogan, "He kept us out of war," meaning out of a war with Mexico.

The wishes of the American people were incorporated by President Wilson into the Fourteen Points as they served as a basis to achieve peace.

"moral diplomacy" promoted human rights, independence, and equal opprotunity.

He made peace in places

A politics-administration dichotomy is an administration that can be apolitical. No administration has ever been formed that has ever come close to being apolitical. Politics is what a government does and administration is how it does it. "What do I do?" and "How do I do it?" are related questions no matter what field your in. Politics-administration dichotomy not only cannot be sustained, it cannot be initiated. One begets the other. To separate the two would beg the question "Why are we doing this?"

The capstone "Fourteenth Point" of Wilson's declaration of war aims called for:

An international organization to guarantee collective security.

(PFHS) AP history

Answer: C :)

remain out of the war. apex

Woodrow Wilson said that World War 1 was "the war to end all wars."

Woodrow Wilson was born in Staunton, Virginia. He was elected President from New Jersey where he was governor and former president of Princeton U.

Wilson had already been reelected by that time, but his campaign slogan was "He kept us out of war."