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Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.

500 Questions

What is the importance of enzymes?

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Enzymes break down proteins for use in the body, and they're to speed up the reaction of the product.

eg - photosynthesis enzymes are used to speed up the reaction to make it into glucose and oxygen.

Enzymes (pronounced /ˈɛnzaɪmz/) are proteins that catalyze (i.e., increase the ratesof) chemical reactions.[1][2] In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and they are converted into different molecules, called the products. Almost all processes in a biological cell need enzymes to occur at significant rates. Since enzymes are selective for their substrates and speed up only a few reactions from among many possibilities, the set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell.

What is the Lewis Dot Formula for Paraffin wax?

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What is the Lewis Dot Formula for Paraffin wax?

Do vitamin b shots hurt a week later?

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In general, any discomfort or pain from receiving a vitamin B shot should subside within a few days. However, it's not typical for someone to experience pain or discomfort a week after receiving the injection. If you're experiencing persistent pain or discomfort a week after the injection, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the cause and appropriate course of action. There could be other factors contributing to the discomfort, and a medical professional can provide personalized advice based on your specific situation.

What makes a fatty acid an acid?

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A Fatty Acid is an archaic name for a Carboxylic Acid.

Such an acid is Ethanoic (Acetic) Acid . It has the formula of CH3-C(=O)OH.

The 'H' of the 'OH' functional group will dissociate to produce a proportion of hydrogen ions (H^+) in a solution.

Equated it is shown as

CH3COOH CH3COO^- + H^+

It is the 'H^+' that indicates the acidity.

What role does the tongue play when food is being chewed?

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the tongue provides saliva so that the food can go down and your teeth break it down.
As far as i know it doesnt,althought your saliva might break it down your teeth do that, you stomach and intestines break down the food and turn it into a liquid and then it..you know.. Hope i helped

The substance produced as a result of a chemical reaction?

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You have half answered this question for yoiurself ( produced) ; the answer is 'PRODUCTS'.

What are disadvantages of enzymes?

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Specificity: Enzymes are highly specific in their actions. Each enzyme typically catalyzes a particular chemical reaction or a limited set of reactions. This specificity can hinder their use in some industrial applications where a broader range of reactions may be desired.

What is the problem with elevated liver enzymes?

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Elevated liver enzymes, often detected through a blood test, indicate potential liver damage or inflammation. The liver produces enzymes as part of its normal function, but when the liver is injured or inflamed, it releases higher amounts of these enzymes into the bloodstream. The most common liver enzymes measured in a blood test are alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST).

Potential causes of elevated liver enzymes include:

Liver Diseases: Conditions such as hepatitis, fatty liver disease, or cirrhosis can lead to increased enzyme levels.

Medications: Certain drugs and medications, including over-the-counter pain relievers, can affect the liver and cause enzyme elevation.

Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can lead to liver inflammation and elevated enzymes.

Infections: Viral infections, particularly hepatitis viruses, can impact the liver and result in elevated enzyme levels.

Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions where the immune system mistakenly targets the liver can cause inflammation and elevated enzymes.

Metabolic Conditions: Conditions like hemochromatosis or Wilson's disease can affect the liver and lead to enzyme elevation.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Accumulation of fat in the liver, unrelated to alcohol consumption, can cause elevated enzymes.

What is level of liver enzyme in term pregnancy accepted as normal level?

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Liver enzyme levels can vary among individuals, and what is considered a normal range can depend on the specific laboratory that analyzes the blood tests. Generally, during pregnancy, some changes in liver enzyme levels are expected, and it's essential to interpret these results in the context of pregnancy-related adaptations.

The two primary liver enzymes that are often measured in blood tests are alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). These enzymes are released into the bloodstream when there is liver cell damage or inflammation.

During pregnancy, it is common for liver enzyme levels to be slightly elevated, especially in the second and third trimesters. Mild elevations are generally considered normal and are often attributed to the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy.

As a reference, normal ranges for liver enzymes in non-pregnant adults are typically:

ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase): 7 to 56 units per liter (U/L)

AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase): 8 to 48 U/L

It's important to note that reference ranges may vary between laboratories, and healthcare providers usually take these variations into account when interpreting results.

During pregnancy, a mild elevation in liver enzyme levels may be considered normal, but significant or persistent elevations may warrant further investigation. Elevated liver enzymes can be associated with conditions such as preeclampsia, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), or other liver-related issues.

If you are pregnant and have concerns about your liver enzyme levels, it's crucial to discuss the results with your healthcare provider. They will be able to interpret the values in the context of your overall health and pregnancy and may order additional tests or investigations if necessary. Regular prenatal care, including routine blood tests, helps monitor and ensure the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.

If you break a compound down by using heat it is called?

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Solids melt on heating. A2. But if you are thinking of the destruction of the material, perhaps pyrolysis is what you seek.

What is iron overload protein?

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A side effect of frequent blood transfusions in which the body accumulates abnormally high levels of iron

Does photosynthesis happen under black filter paper?

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Probably NOT!!!

photosynthesis requires U.V. Light, and black paper will block UV light.

Is amylase performing a catabolic or anabolic reaction?

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Amylase performs a catabolic reaction. Catabolic reactions are involved in the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process. In the case of amylase, it specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch (a complex carbohydrate) into simpler sugars such as maltose and glucose. This process involves the enzymatic cleavage of the glycosidic bonds in starch, resulting in the release of energy and the production of smaller, more easily metabolized molecules. Therefore, amylase's action is catabolic because it breaks down a complex substrate into simpler components.

Why is fat essential to health?

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Fat isn't something many people are trying to eat more of. But Omega-3 fats are essential for heart and brain health, immune system strength, and supporting visual, hormonal, and reproductive health. Despite not being a popular type of fat, they are crucial for overall health.

For more, please check out the below channel:

@HealthSpot-qq6xs

What happens if you blow up cheese?

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If you "blow up" cheese, it will likely melt, burn, or release gases. The exact reaction would depend on factors such as the type of cheese, the temperature, and the method used to "blow up" the cheese. It's important to note that intentionally causing an explosion or fire with cheese is dangerous and should not be attempted.

What is the definitions of upstream versus downstream processes in bio-pharmaceutical development?

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Upstream processes in biopharmaceutical development refer to activities that involve the cultivation and manipulation of living cells or organisms. This includes processes like cell culture, fermentation, and genetic engineering to produce the desired therapeutic molecule.

Downstream processes, on the other hand, are involved in the purification, separation, and isolation of the therapeutic molecule from the complex mixture of other components produced during upstream processes. This includes techniques like chromatography, filtration, and extraction to obtain a highly pure and concentrated form of the final product.

What amino acid intermediate causes arterial damage?

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Homocysteine is an amino acid intermediate that can cause arterial damage. Elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood have been associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, including the development of atherosclerosis or the hardening and narrowing of the arteries. High homocysteine levels can damage the lining of blood vessels, promote blood clot formation, and contribute to inflammation, ultimately leading to arterial damage.

What is the name of the enzyme responsible for gelatin hydrolysis?

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The enzyme responsible for gelatin hydrolysis is gelatinase.

Are amino acids components of urea?

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No, amino acids are not components of urea. Urea is a waste product that is formed from the breakdown of proteins in the liver. Amino acids, on the other hand, are the building blocks of proteins.

What kind of DNA are oligonucleotide?

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Oligonucleotides are short strands of DNA or RNA that typically consist of 10-30 nucleotides. They can be designed to bind specifically to target DNA or RNA sequences, making them useful for molecular biology research, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications.

What elements are in meat?

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Meat primarily consists of water, proteins, fats, and minerals. It also contains vitamins such as B vitamins and traces of carbohydrates.

COOH and NH2 are found on which types of compounds?

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COOH (carboxyl) groups are found on compounds called carboxylic acids, which are organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group. NH2 (amino) groups are found on compounds called amines, which are organic compounds that contain an amino group. Both carboxylic acids and amines are commonly found in various biological molecules and have important functions.

How do you dilute trypsin10x?

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To dilute trypsin 10x, you can combine 1 part of the 10x concentrated trypsin solution with 9 parts of a suitable diluent, such as PBS or cell culture media. For example, add 1 mL of the 10x trypsin to 9 mL of the diluent to obtain a 1x trypsin solution. Mix thoroughly before use.

Who discovered isoleucine?

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L-Isoleucine was discovered in 1904 by Ehrlich and its constitution

established 3 years later degradation to d-isoamylamine and by

synthesis through the Strecker reaction with d-isovaleraldehyde