To dilute trypsin 10x, you can combine 1 part of the 10x concentrated trypsin solution with 9 parts of a suitable diluent, such as PBS or cell culture media. For example, add 1 mL of the 10x trypsin to 9 mL of the diluent to obtain a 1x trypsin solution. Mix thoroughly before use.

L-Isoleucine was discovered in 1904 by Ehrlich and its constitution

established 3 years later degradation to d-isoamylamine and by

synthesis through the Strecker reaction with d-isovaleraldehyde

Vitamin D would not be synthesized in a person confined to a dark cell for a long time. Vitamin D is primarily synthesized in the skin in response to sunlight exposure. Without access to sunlight, the body would not be able to produce vitamin D naturally.

mRNA can be silenced through a process called RNA interference (RNAi). In RNAi, small RNA molecules called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) bind to the mRNA molecules and prevent them from being translated into proteins. This silencing can occur through mechanisms such as degradation of the mRNA or inhibition of its translation. Additionally, other factors such as RNA-binding proteins and long non-coding RNAs can also contribute to mRNA silencing.

One example of a cation that acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in normal membrane function is calcium (Ca2+). Calcium ions play a crucial role in maintaining membrane integrity and stability. They are involved in processes such as cell adhesion, signal transduction, and regulation of ion channels that are essential for cell membrane function.

The extra ring found in bacteria is called a plasmid. Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA that can replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome. They often contain additional genes that can provide advantages to the bacterial cell, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to metabolize certain substances.

668 ppm stands for 668 parts per million. It is a unit of measurement used to describe the concentration of a substance in a solution or mixture. In this context, it means that there are 668 parts of a particular substance for every 1 million parts of the solution or mixture.

Peptide synthesis is the process of creating peptides, which are short chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. It can be done using various methods, including solid-phase peptide synthesis and liquid-phase peptide synthesis. Peptide synthesis is commonly used in research, drug development, and biochemistry to produce peptides for various applications such as studying protein structure and function, designing new drugs, and understanding biological processes.

The -COOH functional group is known as the carboxyl group. It consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is found in carboxylic acids and is responsible for their acidic properties.

Amino acids have a generalised structure consisting of an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a side chain represented by the letter "R". The side chain can vary among different amino acids, giving them distinct chemical properties. The central carbon atom (alpha carbon) connects the amino group, carboxyl group, and the side chain, forming the backbone of the amino acid.

Lysine supplements can be purchased at various places, including pharmacies, health food stores, and online retailers. It is important to check the quality and reliability of the brand before making a purchase, and consult with a healthcare professional for dosage recommendations.

At the end of the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration, oxygen gas (O2) is added. This is the final electron acceptor, which combines with hydrogen ions (H+) to produce water (H2O).

Linus Pauling used X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of proteins. This technique involves directing X-rays onto a crystal of the protein, which causes the X-rays to diffract and produce a pattern. Analysis of this diffraction pattern allows for the determination of the arrangement of atoms in the protein and the overall protein structure.

NADH is oxidized in the electron transport chain, meaning it loses electrons. These electrons are transferred through a series of protein complexes to generate ATP. NADH is converted back to its original form, NAD+, making it available to accept more electrons in subsequent metabolic reactions.

No, insulin is not a disaccharide. It is a peptide hormone composed of two polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds. It is produced by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels in the body.

The active site of an enzyme is the specific region where the substrate molecule(s) bind and undergo a chemical reaction. It is typically a small and highly specific pocket or groove that accommodates the substrate molecule(s) and facilitates the catalysis of the reaction by lowering the activation energy. The active site is formed by amino acid residues and often contains key functional groups that participate in the enzymatic reaction.

Aqueous solutions of formaldehyde are referred to as formalin. "100%" formalin consists of a saturated solution of formaldehyde (this is about 40% by volume or 37% by mass) in water, with a small amount of stabilizer, usually methanol to limit oxidation and polymerization. A typical commercial grade formalin may contain 10-12% methanol in addition to metallic impurities like aluminum (3 ppm), iron (1 ppm) and copper (1 ppm).

Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for converting succinate to fumarate in the citric acid cycle. Malonate resembles succinate and competes for the active site of succinate dehydrogenase. As a result, malonate binds to the enzyme and prevents succinate from binding, inhibiting the conversion of succinate to fumarate.

No, nitrogen is not present in starch. Starch is a carbohydrate and is composed of glucose molecules. Nitrogen is typically found in proteins, not carbohydrates.

The liver is the main organ responsible for synthesizing methionine. It uses the amino acid homocysteine and various cofactors, such as vitamin B6, B12, and folate, to convert homocysteine into methionine. Methionine can also be obtained from the diet through consumption of protein-rich foods.

Interferon is a type of protein that is made up of a chain of amino acids. The exact number of amino acids in interferon can vary depending on the specific type or subtype of interferon. However, on average, a typical interferon protein is composed of approximately 166 to 1669 amino acids.

Oil could not be a compound from which a protein could be directly formed. Proteins are formed from amino acids, which are then linked together to form polypeptides and ultimately proteins. Oil is a different type of organic compound and does not contain the necessary building blocks for protein synthesis.

Exposure to sunlight enables much of the world's population to maintain adequate vitamin D status. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, it produces vitamin D naturally. However, it is important to note that factors such as latitude, season, time of day, and skin pigmentation can affect the amount of vitamin D produced from sunlight.

The activity of intestinal enzymes would likely decrease or become inhibited if the pH of the small intestine remains at 2. This is because the optimal pH for most intestinal enzymes is around neutral or slightly alkaline (pH 6-8). At a pH of 2, the acidic environment may denature or inactivate the enzymes, reducing their ability to catalyze chemical reactions.

Heredity plays a significant role in determining a person's growth potential. Genetic factors inherited from parents influence factors such as height, body structure, and overall growth patterns. However, environmental factors, such as nutrition and overall health, can also influence growth.