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Architecture
Art and science of structural design. Architectural responsibilities include both feasibility analysis and aesthetic considerations.
2,850 Questions
Who introduced the Stored Program concept?
The exact person is unknown, but it was developed late in WW2 on the ENIAC project. John von Neuman is commonly credited with it because after long conversation with the University of Pennsylvania people who had worked on ENIAC and were planning a new computer incorporating a stored program called EDVAC, he wrote a paper on the subject summarizing the ideas discussed. Unfortunately the First Draft of this paper "escaped" before it could be revised, corrected, and all relevant names added. Only von Neuman's name was listed.
How does an architect use MS Word?
An architect would mainly use MS Word for standard documents such as letters and reports. The actual designs they create would be done with other software, but they could bring their designs into a Word document. So if they were designing a building, they could type up the details in a Word document and the copy and paste drawings they would have created with some other specialized software into their document.
Is tail water level and minimum water level on hydro power plant the same?
No, Tail water level is level of water in d/s after discharge while mini. water level if water level in reservoir for run the hydro power turbine
If you mean earth it might but you'll be long dead before then.
Where did the medieval monks live?
Monks ate in a large room called a refectory or frater, usually situated next to the kitchens on the south side of the cloister.
Outside the refectory door, in the cloister walk, were stone troughs with running cold water (lavatorium) for the brothers to wash their hands before and after meals. Inside, large oak tables were arranged around the sides of the large room and the brothers sat against the walls, facing inwards towards the centre of the room. Some of the monks were tasked to act as servitors, bringing the food from the kitchen to the tables.
Meals were eaten in total silence, while one monk read from the Bible or other religious text (often at a pulpit raised above the heads of the monks as they ate).
Because they were forbidden to speak, monks used monastic sign language to communicate during meals; the sign for bread was to make a circle by placing the tips of the two thumbs and index fingers together. The sign for pottage was making a stirring motion with the right fist, as if stirring a pot of vegetables while cooking. If they wanted fish, then the flat hand was moved to imitate the tail of a swimming fish. The sign for an apple was to bend the right thumb into the palm of the hand and grasp it with the other four fingers.
See links below for images:
pad footing is the base of a column that transfers the load to the foundation.
How would a knowledge of physical science be useful to a photographer?
I would venture to you that all knowledge makes us better at what we do.
Physical science is the study of physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology.
- In lighting, it's helpful to understand the amplitude of the lights and how it effects their life span (those bulbs cost a fortune.)
- The temperature they radiate effects the color tone and ambiance of your photograph and will directly translate into what F-stop you should use.
- Astronomy is in small part a study of atmospherics and how light and air effect what we see. When in Photoshop, it will be important to replicate these effects flawlessly to make it seem as if you captured them yourself.
- The chemical composition of rocks and your ability to identify them could help you find a natural 'bounce' when shooting in rocky terrain.
he can know exactly what amount of light is needed at which particular place.
It's called a "buttress". If the entire base does not contact the ground, it is called a "flying buttress".
Compression
How did Egyptian kingdoms develop and why did they collapse?
The Nile River made existence for a large population possible in a desert region. Every year, the Nile would flood, bringing rich soil to the lower reaches of the river course. This allowed agriculture to flourish, as well as dictating when planting and harvesting would occur. Because the delta area produced surplus crops on a regular basis, the society in that area was fairly stable, and had leisure time for developing art and science. You also have to consider the effect that having access to large quantities of stone, especially granite, had on Egypt. This began the building of the pyramids and other large structures out of stone instead of red mud bricks.
However, in times of poor harvests cause by poor floods, food shortage invariably resulted is a detrimental social breakdown. With social breakdown came internecine struggles between various family/totem-based centers of power. To avoid this, Narmer decided to unify the fractured communities to bring order. Furthermore, the effect of food securities was duly noted thus leading to the practice of keeping highly accurate record of the flooding of the Nile relative celestial bodies, notably the star Sothis.
Let it be noted that the name Mene/Menes/Mwene means possessor or custodian. It is a title bestowed upon a king but not a name.
As Egypt emerged, from, the Predynastic Period, two power centres, associated with burials arose on the desert sands of Upper Egypt: Abydos (Abt) in the South and Saqqara in the North. At both sites large tombs from the first two dynasties proclaim the names and wealth of their royal owners. Not infrequently two tombs bear the name of the same king. Egyptologists have long debated the reason for this and. the actual location of the king's burial. Barry Kemp, an English scholar, solves this problem and most Egyptologists concur: the kings of Dynasty I are buried at Abydos and while the tombs at Saqqara, found by Emery, belong to their officials and nobles who lie buried beside Inb-hd, the "White Wall" GREAT HOUSE (this is a correction of a clear and very obvious misinterpretation of the term INB-HD. Inb is house and hd is a consonantal skeleton for HuDu/HuRu = great/big. Thus, Inb/Imba Hd/Huru simply means the seat of the nation's government or royal residence), which is the Archaic capital of Egypt.
Meanwhile, most kings of Dynasty II are buried at Saqqara, at a location now under the upper temple of Unas (Unesu = he is with us). The exceptions are the last two kings of the Dynasty, Peribsen and Kh'asekh-emwy, who 'returned to Abydos for burial.
All of these tombs mark a significant change in construction from those of the Pre-Dynastic Period when tombs were simple oval or rectangular graves. Now the body lies in a wooden coffin with a separate chamber for grave goods, and both rest-beneath a mud-brick superstructure consisting of a flat roof and vertical walls. Attached to the exterior is a simple emplacement or small chapel used for the cult of the dead. This new type of tomb is called a mastaba, a modern Arabic word meaning, "bench."
After the first unification, the state collapsed as a result of social shock. The rapid change in the way of life did not match the slow cultural change. Unification brought with it what we now call urbanization, a social setting ill-suited to norms and customs established during and for rural settings. The culture shock culminated in the collapse of central authority.
It was back to fractured and warring enclaves of power, as it was before the unification. Eventually, the nation was brought under a centralized government and the anarchy of the fractured state brought under control. This brought back order and also saw the first recording of rules, injunctions and code of behaviour, which had been previously learnt by observation and imitation. This is what German Egyptologist calls Moral Literature. It is in these literary recordings, and those written during the years of chaos, that the first records of people pining for a messiah are committed to paper and stone.
The next collapse was caused by a weakened central authority such that an alien people from Asia that had sought refuge in Egypt simply seized power. These were the Hyksos. A notable Hyksos king from this era was Yakub (Jacob) Hr (El). As an alien power, a settler colonial power, it eventually faced resistance and a war of liberation by a force based at Ta-Apet (Thebes/DzaApasi).
This pattern of state collapse and revival repeated itself. However, with foreigners getting increasingly involved, the indigenous people finally lost their ability to liberate and recover their land. First came the Persians. Then the Greeks and then the Romans. It is important to bear in mind that these alien or colonial powers were very respectful of the institutions they found in place.
That is the reason the governors were seen as pharaohs and dressed accordingly. Egypt lost its throne but its ancient institutions were safeguarded until the Arabs invaded the land.
It was the Arabs that looted and finally mercilessly destroyed what had been in place for millennia. The temples and the documents on theology and science were looted and only God knows what the Arabs did with the documents , seriously. The Arab-occupation of ancient Egypt marked the end of ancient Egypt. Few of the ancient people remained on their ancestral land but under severe subjugation. The rest simply moved out of harm's way and sought refuge elsewhere.
What was to become the most famous stoa in ancient Athens?
After the retreat of the Persians, a new stoa was built in Athens. It was the Painted Stoa and was erected at the north end of the Agora. This was to become the most famous of all the stoas.
Where is the end of the space If there is no end what is in space?
there is no end to space. Space is nothingness with things in it. beyond nothing is nothing.
there is no end to space. Space is nothingness with things in it. beyond nothing is nothing.
well actually, i think you may get to the black hole at the end of space. and at the end of the black hole is another universe.
Property of a material by virtue of which, it can be drawn into thin.. wire.
Two early early double gables are found in the Great Pyramid. One set is over the entrance and one set is over the Queen's chamber. These date from approximately 2650 BCE. Architecturally, the gable has all the strength of a true arch.
Longest underground tunnel in South East Asia?
Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway (KPE) in Singapore with about 8.5 kilometres underground.
What does self-motification mean?
The different perspectives of your own. Why you think and see art the way you do.
