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Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.

8,065 Questions

What types of Cells carry out cellular respiration?

cellular respiration occurs in all living cells. it is the process the cell uses to turn oxygen and glucose into energy. however autotrophes (plant cells) undergo a similar process called photosynthesis the plant can then turn carbon dioxide and water into energy, don't let that fool you though. plant cells still undergo cellular respiration as well.

What are the basic components needed for photosynthesis to take place?

The basic components needed for photosynthesis to take place are sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. These components are used by plants to produce glucose (sugar) and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis.

Difference between self-renewal and proliferation?

Very good question. As a graduate student studying hematopoietic tumorigenesis, I ask myself the same question daily. Ultimately I don't seem a difference as the term are strictly defined, though it appears that many bioloist use self-renewal when they refer to cells that not only exhibit proliferation potential but whose progency have the potential to develop into more than one lineage. Contrast a proliferating ES cell vs a proliferating Monocyte. But then again, I could see holes in that distinction as well.

Does nickel react with carbon II oxide?

If Carbon II oxide refers to Carbon monoxide, you are right. Carbon monoxide reacts with Nickel at high temperatures to produce a extremely toxic compound known as Nickel tetra-carbonyl. Its formula is Ni(CO)4.

Ni + 4 CO --Δ--> Ni(CO)4

What are folding structures of protein?

When proteins are manufactured in a cell, they are always made in the form of a linear molecule, that is just one long sequence that goes in a straight line. That is because it is easier for cells to do it that way. Linear sections of DNA produce linear sections of RNA which then serve as the template for the synthesis of linear sections of protein. But once the protein is manufactured, it will in most cases fold up into some kind of three dimensional structure. The shape of the folded protein is essential to whatever biological function it has.

What are the three unpaired bases on a transfer Rna - tRna - molecule called?

The three unpaired bases on a tRNA molecule are known as the anticodon. The anticodon base pairs with the corresponding codon on mRNA during translation, allowing for the correct amino acid to be added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Is talc and french chalk are similar?

Yes. You might wish to verify this using the wikipedia article about talc.

What type of basic biological molecule does the body absorb?

First of all what is a biological molecule? Its a group of substances that make up and helps with proper functioning of a living organism.

There are several different types of biological molecules:

- Carbohydrates

- Proteins

- Salts

- Lipids

-etc.

What is the tertiary structure for a protein?

'The Quaternary structure of a protein is the 4th level of folding for a protein.

An example of this would be a red blood cell, which is a quaternary structure, it is made up of alpha helicies and also beta pleated in the tertiary structure.

The Quaternary structure of a protein contains 4 tertiary structures in it.

What items contains californium?

Californium is radioactive and all the applications of it involve its radioactivity rather than its chemitry, so you might find it in neutron moisture guages for example.

What is the mechanism of dehydration?

Dehydration leads to three main responses.

First receptors in mouth detect dryness and stimulates thirst mechanism making you want to drink water.

secondly, low blood volume causes decrease blood flow to kidneys resulting in dercrease glomerular filtration rate. this causes body to respond by decreasing quantity of water in urine (ADH)

thirdly, you will have low blood pressure and this will be detected by baroreceptors and they will bring up the pressure by means of vasoconstriction.

What is the total energy stored in the 36 ATP molecules?

The energy stored in 36 ATP molecules produced by aerobic respiration is equal to 39% of the energy available in six carbon glucose.

How are enzymes reconstituted?

Assuming the enzyme has been denatured in an environment of variant pH and temperature that has disrupted the R group and backbone bondings a restoration to optimum, for the enzyme, conditions can allow the bonds to reconstitute themselves and the enzyme will return to shape and function. I am not sure if the class of folding assistance proteins, chaperons, are involved in reconstituting denatured proteins.

Do steriods store and process genetic information?

No. Steroids are a class of organic molecules and are relatively small. They do not in any way store genetic material.

What color is vitamin C?

Vitamin C itself is a white crystalline powder. When found in fruits and vegetables, vitamin C can often be associated with various colors depending on the specific fruit or vegetable it is present in.

What is the function of thromboplastin in homeostasis?

In the final step of blood clotting cascade, Thromboplastin activates the prothrombin to Thrombin. Then the activated thrombin helps in the conversion of Fibrionogen into Fibrin (Mesh like fibrils which forms the clot).

What is a substance on which an enzyme acts?

Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze (i.e., increase the rates of) chemical reactions.
In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products.
Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates sufficient for life. Since enzymes are selective for their substrates and speed up only a few reactions from among many possibilities, the set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell.

What do compounds that enzymes hook up to and work on?

co factors such as divalent ions ()Mg2+, Mn2+,Zn2+.., NADH, ATP etc..

What kind of chromosome do sperm have?

Sperm is X or Y, it fertilizes the egg forming XY or XX. XY would be male and XX female.