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Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
8,065 Questions
What parts of blood assist in clotting?
People can be genetically predisposed to having blood clots, or thombosis (single) or thombi (multiple).
However, most incidents of thrombosis relate to a combination of lifestyle factors, including:
- prolonged immobility - in a car, in an airplane, or due to other illness or disability. People who sit for long hours or who are bedridden have a higher risk of developing thrombi.
- decreased fluid intake - which thickens blood
- smoking - which thickens blood
- underlying narrowing of blood vessels - due to high fat intake, for example
A blood clot begins when the one or more RBCs become "sticky". As the RBCs travel through smaller veins, especially in the legs, the stickiness makes one or more adhere to the vessel's wall, like a pimple. As more sticky RBCs pass over the pimple, some of them stick to the already stuck RBCs, making a sort of speed bump in the vessel. This process of stickiness continues, making the clot grow larger and longer. If noticed early, the clot remains small(ish), more like a misshapen ball. But many times, the clot just keeps adding RBCs to the mass. As it fills the vessel, it begins to make a longer clot typically following the blood's direction of flow. So a clot that forms in the calf grows longer up to the knee... up to the thigh... and so on. These are often referred to generically as "clothesline type" clots. They are one long mass that nearly completely obstructs blood flow in that area.
Swelling is one of the first symptoms people notice, along with pain in the calf. Redness and warmth follow, especially when the limb is in a dependent position. Swelling can increase dramatically when standing because the blood cannot force its way past the clot. Pulmonary embolism (PE) can quickly follow.
Why do washing powders have enzymes with a low temperature?
Enzymes in washing powders that work at low temperatures help to break down stains and dirt effectively without requiring high heat. This is beneficial for energy efficiency and can prevent damage to delicate fabrics that may not be able to withstand high temperature washing. Additionally, using enzymes at lower temperatures can help reduce shrinking and fading of colored clothing.
What part of the phenylalanine molecule becomes nitrated?
The benzene ring in the 4- or para position is most favored. Also the 2- or ortho position is also seen. Depending on conditions you might see the disubstituted phenylalanine but that is disfavored because after you nitrate it once the ring becomes deactivated.
What happens you mix milk and 7 up?
Mixing milk and 7 Up can cause the milk to curdle due to the acidity of the soda. The carbonation in 7 Up may also cause the mixture to froth or foam. Overall, the taste and texture of the combination may not be pleasant.
Which system is responsible for the formation of digestive enzymes?
The digestive system is responsible for the formation of digestive enzymes. These enzymes are produced in various organs such as the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine to help break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.
What bonds usually stabilize large biological molecules?
Hydrogen bonds.
Collectively, they are strong enough to stabilize the characteristic structures of large biological molecules such as DNA.
From the college text book "Biology: Concepts and Applications without Physiology 8th Edition".
Which enzyme converts fibrin to fibrin degradation products?
Plasmin, a serine protease, is the enzyme responsible for converting fibrin into fibrin degradation products. Plasmin is activated from plasminogen in the presence of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or urokinase.
Why is thymine found in Dna but not in Rna?
Thymine is found in DNA because it is more stable than uracil, which is found in RNA. Thymine can better protect genetic information from being altered by environmental factors. This provides DNA with more integrity, making it suitable for long-term storage of genetic information.
Yes, in my experience it can cause some people (but not all) to have nightmares or disturbed sleep. Sugar caused me to have very bad dreams and disturbed sleep (in the days when I occasionally consumed sugar or products containing sugar).
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Yes, glucoamylase is an enzyme. It is a type of amylase enzyme that specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into glucose molecules. It is commonly used in the food industry to break down starch into simple sugars during processes like brewing and baking.
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is a molecule that plays a key role in cellular energy metabolism as a precursor to ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze chemical reactions in living organisms. ADP is involved in reactions facilitated by certain enzymes to generate ATP for cellular energy.
What are the chemical messengers released in your blood called?
Chemical messengers released in the blood are called hormones. They are produced by various glands in the body and are essential for regulating many physiological processes.
How is melamine related to amino acids or protein?
Melamine is a chemical compound that has been illegally added to food products to artificially increase protein content. Melamine can mimic protein in certain tests and has nitrogen content that can falsely indicate a higher protein level. However, melamine is not an amino acid or protein itself, and consuming it can have harmful health effects.
Is buffered lactic acid made from dairy?
Buffered lactic acid is not directly sourced from dairy products. It is a synthetically produced compound where lactic acid is neutralized to form a less acidic product. This makes it suitable for various applications in the food industry, including as a preservative and flavor enhancer.
What converts light energy into chemical energy sugars through the process of photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll, a green pigment found in chloroplasts of plant cells, converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. This process involves capturing light energy to produce sugars (such as glucose) from carbon dioxide and water.
Is the backbone of a DNA molecule made up of phosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars?
Yes, you are correct. DNA is made up of a base (adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine), a phosphate and a deoxyribose Sugar. The phosphate and the sugar form the backbone while the bases form the links in between
What does hormones control in homeostasis?
Hormones play a key role in controlling various processes in homeostasis such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and stress response. They act as chemical messengers, helping to regulate the body's internal environment and maintain a stable internal balance. Hormones are produced by glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands, and help to coordinate and integrate different body systems to ensure proper functioning.
What cohesive and adhesive forces draw water from the roots to the different parts of the plants?
Cohesive forces between water molecules and adhesive forces between water and the walls of the xylem vessels collectively create capillary action, enabling the transport of water from the roots to the leaves of a plant. This process is known as transpiration and relies on a combination of cohesion and adhesion to maintain a continuous flow of water through the plant's vascular system.
Yes. Vitamin D is essential in the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth by regulating the absorption and use of calcium and phosphorus. Without Vitamin D, your body will not utilize as much calcium as you ingest.
Summation occurs, where the two excitatory postsynaptic potentials combine to reach the threshold for firing an action potential. This can be either temporal summation, where two EPSPs from the same presynaptic neuron occur in quick succession, or spatial summation, where EPSPs from different presynaptic neurons arrive simultaneously.
What are the features of fat-soluble vitamin?
it actually dpends on wat type of fat soluble
you have vitamin A,D,E,K
A: necessary for growth
D: needed for strong teeth and bones
E: essential for production of red blood cells
K: necessary for normal blood clotting and bone metabolism
What are the most efficient protein converters?
Certain animal sources of protein such as eggs, fish, and poultry are considered efficient protein converters due to their high biological value and amino acid profile. Plant-based sources like soy, quinoa, and chia seeds are also good options as they provide all essential amino acids and are easily digestible. Choosing a variety of protein sources can help ensure optimal conversion and absorption of protein in the body.
What Code specifies the amino acids and start and stop signals with their Codons?
The genetic code is a set of rules that specify the correspondence between nucleotide triplets (codons) and the amino acids they encode. The start codon is AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine and also serves as the initiation signal for protein synthesis. There are three stop codons: UAA, UAG, and UGA, which signal the termination of protein synthesis.
Which RNA results from transcription?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the type of RNA that is produced during transcription. It carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.
What hormone stimulates platelet production?
Thrombopoietin is the hormone that stimulates platelet production by acting on bone marrow cells that ultimately become platelets.
