Biochemistry

Dissolve it to 100mM in DMSO, aliquot and store at -80℃. Upon use, take out one aliquot and dilute it to 1mM in absolute ethanol, and supplement the culture medium accordingly. Store this working stock under -20℃ for up to 2 weeks.

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is present in the body as coenzyme FAD and FMN. It is a component of various enzymes including amino acid oxidase, which is involved in the metabolism of amino acids.

The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body. It includes the brain, spinal cord, and network of nerves that communicate with all parts of the body, helping to respond to internal and external changes.

Prostaglandin F2alpha is the hormone responsible for triggering luteolysis, the regression of the corpus luteum in the ovary. This process leads to the cessation of progesterone production in non-pregnant animals.

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms in their hydrocarbon chain, making them straight and fully saturated with hydrogen atoms. They are generally solid at room temperature and are found in animal fats and some plant oils. Consuming excessive amounts of saturated fatty acids has been associated with increased risk of heart disease.

Insulin works opposite to epinephrine. Insulin acts to lower blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, while epinephrine increases blood sugar levels by stimulating the release of glucose into the bloodstream.

Vitamin A is required for the synthesis of rhodopsin, a light-sensitive pigment found in the rods of the retina. Rhodopsin is crucial for low-light vision and helps our eyes adjust to changes in light levels. A deficiency in vitamin A can lead to vision problems, particularly night blindness.

This process is known as endocytosis, specifically phagocytosis if the solid substance being engulfed is a large particle or bacterium. Endocytosis involves the cell membrane wrapping around the substance to form a vesicle that is then internalized into the cell.

The enzyme that activates another enzyme is called a kinase. Kinases add phosphate groups to proteins, a process known as phosphorylation, which can activate or deactivate the target enzyme.

"Cellulosic" means that the material contains cellulose. Cellulose is found in wood, paper, grass and other plant matter. If it is used as a starting point for producing something, such as ethanol, that would make it a feedstock.

The major hormone that promotes lactation is prolactin. It is released from the anterior pituitary gland and plays a key role in milk production and maintenance of milk supply during breastfeeding.

No. Adverse effects are effects that cause something undesirable to happen, while side effectsare simply results other than that which you were trying to produce. If I poured water on you, the adverse effect would be that you got wet (which you don't like) and the side effect would be that the ground got wet, which I didn't intend, but happened because of what I did.

Adherens junctions act as anchors in cellular sheets, distributing tension and reducing the chance of tearing when subjected to mechanical stress. These junctions are composed of cadherin proteins that link adjacent cells and interact with the actin cytoskeleton to maintain tissue integrity.

Viruses are typically composed of RNA surrounded by a capsid (protein shell). This would mean by definition that the virus molecule, which is technically considered nonliving, is larger than a protein strand (because the capsid is made of protein).

Yes, soaps are amphipathic molecules. They have both a hydrophilic (water-attracting) and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) end. This allows them to interact with both water and oil, making them effective in removing grease and dirt during cleaning.

Integral Membrane Proteins control the movement of substances into and out of the Cell (that cannot pass directly through the bi-lipid layer).

These are proteins that span the width of the membrane [40 nanometers], and can be channels, pumps, gates of many descriptions, co-transporters, etc.

As proteins go, these trans-membrane proteins have internal and external hydrophyllic lengths that have immensely important and varied bio-functions, and the trans-membrane segment is of course hydrophobic.

Most proteins in mammals have tertiary and quaternary structures in addition to primary and secondary structures. However, some small proteins or peptides, such as certain antimicrobial peptides, may exist in nature with only primary and secondary structures, lacking the more complex tertiary and quaternary arrangements.

Proteins serve as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions, provide structural support by forming tissues like muscles and skin, and act as antibodies to defend against foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses.

The answer to this question is simple. A mutation would occur. Believe it or not, mutations occur in your body all the time. Even so, most mutations are harmless, because 97% of DNA is absolutely useless, and does nothing in your body.

Cells can increase in size through a process called hypertrophy, where existing organelles and structures within the cell grow larger. This can occur in response to stimuli such as increased demand for cellular activity or growth signals. Hypertrophy allows cells to adapt to changing conditions without undergoing division.

Mercury is used in a wide variety of household products, including paint, thermometers, thermostats, batteries, fluorescent lamps, disinfectants, antiseptics, diuretics and preservatives. These items release mercury into the environment and home when broken, mishandled or disposed. Proper care is important when dealing with mercury-containing products. If spilled, mercury absorbs into many household materials while slowly evaporating into the air over time, allowing for exposure. Knowing what products and items contain mercury and handling them properly will limit the risk of mercury exposure. Common products often have a simple and environmentally friendly alternative.

Plants and animals die and decomposers break down their nitrogen containing molecules to ammonia.

All animals get the nitrogen they need by eating plants, by eating other animals that ate plants, or by eating animals that ate animals that ate plants.

A buffer is used to resist the change in pH when acid or alkali is added to a solution. This makes it a stable environment, eg. for enzymes. The buffer stops the pH of the solution changing too drastically.

Yes, egg albumin is positive for the Millon's test due to the presence of aromatic amino acids like tyrosine, which react with Millon's reagent to produce a red color.