Bridges and Tunnels

From the deck of the Brooklyn Bridge to the lowest point in the river below is 135 feet.

According to the Murraylands, South Australia website, about 18,000 people currently live in Murray Bridge. There are predictions this will increase to around 30,000 by 2025.

The observation platform/restraunt at the top would be a frame structure. The concrete middle would be a shell structure because of the elevators running through it. The base would be a mass structure, no question why there. So i guess it's a mixture of all 3 structure types!!

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The story is that 20 soldiers were injured when the Broughton Bridge (Manchester) collapsed on April 12, 1831. The cause was determined to be a bolt that sheared off from the effects of mechanical resonance. The impact vibrations from the uniform step of the marching soldiers was believed responsible. In other less famous situations, the same type of physical damage has occurred to other structures.

Beethoven!

There are many underwater tunnels in countries all over the world-- in fact, such tunnels are not even a new idea: there is evidence that underwater tunnels existed several thousand years ago. Perhaps the oldest tunnel in use today is The Thames Tunnel. Located under the Thames River in London, England, it opened in 1843. Among other underwater tunnels are the Sydney (Australia) Harbor Tunnel, the Vardo Tunnel in Norway, the North Cape Tunnel (also in Norway), the Tokyo Bay Aqua Line in Japan, and the Channel Tunnel, which connects England and France.

Local examples- New York City area- On the Hudson- George Washington Bridge. On the East River, Brooklyn(l882) Manhattan ( over l00) and Williamsburg are traditional suspension spans. Both the Golden Gate and the San Francisco- Oakland Bay Bridge are also of this type.

without roads we wouldnt be able to make big things such asroad trips, vacations, and little things like go to the mall, stores, or anywhere else thats around your community. if we had no bridges then there would be no way to go over rivers, large lakes and ponds. the only transportation we would have is airplanes, boats, subways,and helicoptors. these are two of the most basic and important roman achievements.

P.V. Expressway in Hyderabad (11,600 metres)

Officially known as the First Narrows Bridge, it spans the first narrows of the Burrard Inlet,connecting the city of Vancouver, BC, Canada with West Vancouver, the City of North Vancouver, and the District of North Vancouver.

The Chief Engineers who worked on the Brooklyn Bridge were John Roebling and his son and daughter-in-law, Washington and Emily Warren Roebling.

Eurotunnel is the name of the company which owns and operates the Channel Tunnel, as well as other business interests.

The Channel Tunnel opened in 1994.

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Wuhan Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge was created in 2009.

A gusset is basically a stiffener. Sometimes triangular in shape to brace a T fit-up to keep it at the correct angle. Similar to this T/ Large flat surfaces might have a flat bar welded on edge to form a tee (picture a T upside down). Difficult to describe without drawing it.

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Warrington Transporter Bridge was created in 1915.

Iron molecules on the surface of the metal mix with oxygen molecules in the air creating Iron Oxide. This is better known as rust, the process continues until all the iron is consumed and converted into rust.

The use of paint prevents the oxygen getting to the metal and causing this chemical process. if we didn't protect ths metal this way the bridge would soon become dangerously weak as the rust rotted the metal away.

John F. Limehouse Memorial Bridge was created in 2003.

The strongest truss for cantilevering objects is the octet-truss, however you could possibly gain more efficiency using a lorimerlite framework which should only be used to hold up objects from beneath carrying only compression however it depends how high the bridge needs to be suspended in relation to the size of the gap it must bridge.

The Sutong Bridge in China, the longest cable-stayed bridge in the World, has a span of 1,088 metres or 3,570 feet

Torque is used in bridges to lift a portion of it up, right! Well at the hinges the machine applies a force outwards and by newtons's third law of motion their will exist another equally opposite force on the other side of the bridge. Thus the torque develops.

This is known as the Channel Tunnel (or Chunnel), named for the English Channel.

The Channel Tunnel is no longer referred to as the Chunnel, which was a media generated word when the tunnel first opened but not now.