Carbon Footprints

You can switch to another method of transportation, or switch to a vehicle that uses a different fuel, or switch to a vehicle that is more efficient in moving people or goods per unit of fuel used.

In general cars and trucks have a smaller carbon footprint than small aircraft, but a greater carbon footprint than large aircraft (because the amount of carbon dioxide per flight is spread over a greater number of passengers).

Rail transportation has a smaller carbon footprint than cars or trucks, and ships have a smaller carbon footprint than rail (although some ships are terrible polluters because they are uncontrolled).

A Prius has a smaller carbon footprint than a Jaguar because it gets better mileage.

An electric car has a smaller carbon footprint than a Prius, we are told.

Remember, the carbon footprint involves both the amount of carbon dioxide released and the amount of material or number of people transported.

For the Moving Transport Industry the following tips would be useful:

1. Using bio-diesel cuts down on carbon emission. Companies must start using bio-diesel to safe the surroundings in addition to the life time of the vehicle.

2. Regular servicing will tell you the energy consumption and will benefit extra mileage.

3. Utilization of Electric, Diesel Hybrid and LPG vehicles will reduce carbon emissions.

4. The business should schedule route in a fashion that it minimize traveling time.

Details: http://www.mashavrelocation.com/blog/how-moving-industry-can-play-an-important-role-in-reducing-carbon-footprint/

• It is now harder to find and hence more expensive. There may not be much left.
• Whenever there is an oil spill there is usually a massive environmental disaster.
• It is easy for criminals to hijack the tankers and bomb the pipelines.
• It releases huge quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, both in its production and in its use, adding to the greenhouse effect.
• Burning it in vehicles releases particles into the air that contribute to thousands of human deaths each year.
• -trouble for wildlife

There are many effects of the power plant on the environment.

Nuclear plants use diesel generators (and some times gas, or combustion, turbines) for emergency electrical power. These diesels or turbines are typically started and run at least once a month to ensure they can function as backup power, if required, during a loss of power condition or accident condition. When these diesels or turbines startup, usually black plumes of exhaust gases are released. Operation of these diesels or turbines is the only source of greenhouse gases (e.g. carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides) at a nuclear plant.

The air ejector exhaust at PWRs is usually non-radioactive. Only in those cases where there may be leakage through a steam generator tube could that exhaust have any radioactivity. At BWRs, the air ejector exhaust is radioactive, but that exhaust must also pass through delay pipes, storage tanks and a hydrogen recombiner before being released to the environment from the very tall stack that you sometimes see at BWRs. Ventilation exhaust from buildings containing radioactive processes have radiation monitors that sample for particles and gases. If unacceptable levels are reached, special fans start, the normal ventilation system is shutdown, and the exhaust is routed through special particulate, high efficiency particulate, and charcoal filters before being exhausted. These systems are designed to reduce the release below acceptable levels.

Radioactive gases may be removed from the systems supporting the reactor cooling system. These gases removed are compressed and stored. The gases are periodically sampled and can only be released when the radioactivity is less than an acceptable level according to the 10CFR20regulation. Releases of this nature are done very infrequently.

All potential paths where radioactive materials could be released to the environment are monitored by radiation monitors.

Solid Releases-Ground Effects

Solid radioactive materials only leave the plant by three paths:

• Routine non radioactive office, process, and building material waste via traditional means
• Radioactive waste (e.g. clothes, rags, wood) is compacted and placed in drums. These drums must be thoroughly de-watered. The drums are often checked at the receiving location by regulatory agencies. Special landfills must be used.
• Spent resin may be very radioactive and is shipped in specially designed containers.

For introductory information on low level waste, see Low Level Waste and More on Low Level Waste.

Currently, the used fuel assemblies are stored underwater in large cooling pools at the plant. In some cases, where storage has become limited, dry cask storage on-site may be used. This storage is covered by the regulation 10CFR72 for Independent Spent Fuel Storage Facilities. For introductory information on high level waste, see High Level Waste and More on High Level Waste.

Impact on the Biosphere

In the 1960's, the Atomic Energy Commission funded research to investigate effects of radiation on people, plants, and animals. Some of the studies were conducted at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Livermore, California and at various government and university laboratories. A number of studies entitled the BEAR (Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation) and BEIR (Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation) studies reported on these effects. The most recent, BEIR VII Phase 2, "Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation", (see summary) was published by the National Academy Press in 2005. A down to earth discussion of radiation is presented in the University of Wisconsin Graduate School'

Other findings, methodology

The activists' report also found that:

• People dying prematurely from problems associated with exposure to fine particle pollution, or soot, lost an average of 14 years.
• Power plant pollution is responsible for 38,200 nonfatal heart attacks and 554,000 asthma attacks each year.
• Pennsylvania, Ohio and Florida had the highest overall mortality rates each year, and West Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee - states with a large number of coal-fired plants - had the highest per capita mortality risk.

The study relied on computer modeling to compare EPA data on power plant emission levels and dispersal patterns with results of epidemiological studies by Harvard University in 1993 and the American Cancer Society in 1995, said Ledford.

The data came from 2002 for soot - microscopic particles linked to asthma, heart disease and other health problems - along with acid rain-causing sulfur dioxide and smog-forming nitrogen oxides, Ledford said.

There are too many ways to reduce your carbon footprint to list here.

However, here are some of the main ones:

• Use less electricity, or get a renewable energy source (such as wind or solar power).
• Reduce, reuse, and recycle any household garbage as much as you can.
• Compost as much kitchen waste and paper waste as you can.
• Buying local products, such as foods (the further a product is shipped, the more fuel is wasted on transporting it).
• Using public transportation, carpooling, or, ideally, cycling or walking to go from place to place.
• If you want to make your household even more eco-friendly, consider:
• Reducing your water usage
• Buying certified organic food and certified organic cotton clothing
• Using biodegradable soaps and cleaning products.

Hope this can help you to help the Earth!

1. Try to use public transport when possible, or car share. Drive as little as possible - walk or cycle when you can.
2. Turn your water heating and central heating down slightly when it isn't too cold
3. Don't leave any lights etc. on when you don't need them
4. Try not to waste water so have a short shower rather than having a bath.
5. don't throw away so much food, stick it in a container and use it for a day where you can't be bothered making dinner.
6. recycle, if you recycle it will be cutting down on the amount of plastic that goes into the world and when you are finished with something recyclable make sure you check on the side to see if it is recyclable
7. Don't leave appliances on stand-by - always turn them off and if possible, unplug them when not in use.
8. Use as few resources as possible.
9. Try to make make sure that your home and work place are making efficient use of energy - insulate, use low-energy LED lights, update old equipment (e.g. boilers, heating, air-conditioning) to newer more energy efficient models. This will also save money in the long term as it will keep utility bills down.
10. Re-use and recycle whenever possible, and when you buy new products, research the resources that went into making and transporting them, and let that inform your choices. When you have to buy new things, buy local.

- Go Green: use as many green solutions as you can, from buying a hybrid car to using solar panels.

- Teleworking: use conference calls so that you don' t need to travel so much to meet up with your team.

there are LOTS of ways to decrease it:

• take shorter showers
• walk instead of driving
• don't waste paper
• don't waste electricity (leaving lights on)
• use environmentally friendly resources (solar panels, recycled materials, etc.)
• live in a small house with small amount of people

you probably get the point!! just anything that's good for the environment!!

heat the house less in the winter.

There are lots of ways to reduce; you can drive less , ride your bike more often and walk instead. You can plant flowers and trees. You can also use less electricity and recycle etc.

People can reduce their carbon footprints by driving less, taking more public transport, going to places by walking or cycling, reducing home heating and electricity use, and choosing energy efficient appliances.