Civil Engineering

Local bridges are ties between two nodes in a social graph that are the shortest (and often the only plausible) route by which information might travel from those connected to one to those connected to the other. [2] Local bridges differ from regular bridges in that the end points of the local bridge cannot have a tie directly between them and should not share any common neighbors.

never found any answers in answers. sucks

Sand and gravel are primarily used by private construction firms and government agencies in the construction and paving industries.

It depends what type of bridge you are talking about. Beam bridges are horizontal bridges with vertical supports. The forces here are greatest in the middle, where the largest bending moment is.

Arch bridges are strong in that the forces are transferred horizontally, so as long as the ends are fixed and the material is strong this can lead to a very strong structure.

Triangular structures are often used in cable-tied bridges, where the cables carry the force. The cables are made from high-grade steel and are very strong but can be expensive. Often the reason for building such a bridge is either for aesthetic purposes or when a bridge is very long.

Triangles are also used in creating the beam structure of a bridge, as it allows you to dramatically cut down on the weight of a bridge.

If Ly/Lx >12 then the column is said to be long column

where Ly is the length of column

and Lx is cross sectional dimension (B or D)

Long column has reduction factor and it frequently failed under local buckling.

so introducing a beam at least every floor level, the column design/act as a short column..column stiffness also increased tieing with the beam..

100

the concrete cover protects the steel bars from corrosion and environments or members more prone to corrosion or chemical attack such as in footings the cover thickness is increased

in members where the concrete will come to direct contact with the soil a blinding layer of about 10cm is used to separate the reinforced concrete from the soil.

also coating steel bars in corrosion resisting chemicals is used for more protection

There are several failure theories to answer this question. ASME did lot of work and established these things. For a convincing explanation, "FAILURE OF MATERIALS IN MECHANICAL DESIGN by J.A. COLLINS can also be read together with international design codes and similar books and research papers on the subject. I am working on this subject since three decades to provide a most appropriate and convincing formulae for calculation of permissible stresses for a given material. I am confident that my research in this direction gives immense and permanent relief to the worldwide community of mechanical design engineers involved in the design process ranging from safety-pin to spacecraft. Most importantly, my research work in this direction is aimed at putting the world on a common platform since the permissible stresses or allowable stresses are different for different international design codes. Since all my research works are self-assigned, self-guided and most painfully - self-financed, paucity of funds often forces me to go slow. However, come what may, I will complete my research before my death or inability to benefit our rapidly changing technological world and to cause rapid growth of science, engineering and technology essentially meant for the overall well-being of human life, animal life and plant life. Nori VSN Murthy, Independent Researcher, A temporary visitor on earth working for a common cause.

because they are put together to make bigger and larger things. like bridges roofs

Concrete is composed of cement and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, coarse aggregate made of crushed stone, fine aggregate such as sand, water, and chemical admixtures.

In reinforced concrete, steel is introduced in to the concrete.

In plain concrete, no steel reinforcement is introduced.

Generally tensile and compressive strength is taken by reinforced concrete and only compressive strength is taken by plain concrete

Truss

The honey bee makes comb out of wax which will allow the queen to lay eggs in the comb cells. Some cells are used to store honey and others to store pollen.

The Story Bridge is a cantilever bridge spanning the Brisbane River.

it is concrete mix which gain strength 20kn/mm2 in 28 day of curing....

C5 X 9.0

The 9.0 is the weight per foot. This is typical for most structural steel.

So....

(19.75/12)*9.0 = 14.8125 lbs

The average wall thickness in Pakistan is 9-10'' for exterior walls (bricks), and those walls that doesn't support any weight like interior bathroom walls commonly are of 6''

arc efficiency=heat developed at anode/total heat developed

Capital

Charles Babbage

simpson method

K is a whole number used for thickness class designation..... DI K9 Pipes handle more pressure than DI K7 pipes.. For more Details Refer IS 8329

Linesh Chungath

India

To find the diameter calculation in millimeters of the bearing number "6205," you need to multiply the final two numbers by five. This will leave you with 25mm.

Hell gate bridge in New York