Computer Aided Design

Classification of high grade-tensile steel for Automotive: Automotive steels can be classified in several different ways. One is a metallurgical designation. Common designations include low-strength steels (interstitial-free and mild steels); conventional high-tensile or high-strength steels, otherwise called HSS (carbonmanganese, bake hardenable, high-strength interstitial-free, and high-strength, low-alloy steels); and the newer types of ultra-high tensile or Advanced High-Strength Steels, called AHSS (dual phase, transformation-induced plasticity, complex phase, and martensitic steels). Additional higher strength steels for the automotive market include ferritic-bainitic, twinning-induced plasticity, hot-formed, and post-forming heat-treated steels.

A second classification method important to part designers is strength of the steel. In this answer, the general terms HSS and AHSS is used to designate all higher strength steels. In contrast, much of the current literature in the world today uses narrowly defined ranges to categorize different steel strength levels. One such system defines High-Strength Steels (HSS) as yield strengths from 210 to 550 MPa and tensile strengths from 270--700 MPa, while Ultra-High-Strength Steels (UHSS) steels have yield strengths greater than 550 MPa and tensile strengths greater than 700 MPa. These arbitrary ranges suggest discontinuous changes in formability when moving from one category to another. However, data show property changes are a continuum across the entire span of steel strengths. In addition, many steel types have a wide range of grades covering two or more strength ranges.

A third classification method presents various mechanical properties or forming parameters of different steels, such as total elongation, work hardening exponent n, or hole expansion ratio .

The principal difference between conventional HSS and AHSS is their microstructure. Conventional HSS are single phase ferritic steels. AHSS are primarily multi-phase steels, which contain ferrite, martensite, bainite, and/or retained austenite in quantities sufficient to produce unique mechanical properties. Some types of AHSS have a higher strain hardening capacity resulting in a strength-ductility balance superior to conventional steels. Other types have ultra-high yield and tensile strengths and show a bake hardening behaviour.

Bleeding in concrete is sometimes referred as water gain. It is a particular form of segregation, in which some of the water from the concrete comes out to the surface of the concrete, being of the lowest specific gravity among all the ingredients of concrete. Bleeding is predominantly observed in a highly wet mix, badly proportioned and insufficiently mixed concrete. In thin members like roof slab or road slabs and when concrete is placed in sunny weather show excessive bleeding.

Due to bleeding, water comes up and accumulates at the surface. Sometimes, along with this water, certain quantity of cement also comes to the surface. When the surface is worked up with the trowel, the aggregate goes down and the cement and water come up to the top surface. This formation of cement paste at the surface is known as "Laitance". In such a case, the top surface of slabs and pavements will not have good wearing quality. This laitance formed on roads produces dust in summer and mud in rainy season.

Answer:

You asked: What are the differences between mrp1 and mrp2

My answer is that I don't know. Kidding aside, your question should have read: What are the differences between mp1 and mp2?

MP1 is an MPEG-1 Layer 1 Audio File.

MP2 is an MPEG Layer II Compressed Audio File.

MP3 is a commonly used universal Audio File.

The MP1 audio file format used MPEG Layer 1 compression; that supported data rates of 384 kbps and was used primarily by Philips DCC Digital Compact cassettes; which has been, for the most part, replaced by the newer MP2 and MP3 formats.

The MP2 audio file format used MPEG-1 Layer II compression to reduce the file size and for the most part, has mainly been replaced by the ubiquitous MP3 format. However; MP2 is still used for digital radio and digital television broadcasts.

The quality of an MP3 file depends largely on the bit rate used for compression; common bit rates are 128 kbps, 160 kbps, and 192 kbps; higher bit rates result in higher quality files that also require more disk space. MP3 files are supported by most portable music players such as the Apple iPod; Microsoft Zune; and can also be played on the Amazon Kindle. Furthermore, MP3 audio music files can be played on virtually all home based sound systems.

- THIS FOOL IS WRONG...

The differences between MRP 1 and MRP 2 is the fact that MRP2 considers capacity calculations

The following are the characteristics of a programming language

1. Readability: A good high-level language will allow programs to be written in some ways that resemble a quite-English description of the underlying algorithms. If care is taken, the coding may be done in a way that is essentially self-documenting.

2. Portability: High-level languages, being essentially machine independent, should be able to develop portable software.

3. Generality: Most high-level languages allow the writing of a wide variety of programs, thus relieving the programmer of the need to become expert in many diverse languages.

4. Brevity: Language should have the ability to implement the algorithm with less amount of code. Programs expressed in high-level languages are often considerably shorter than their low-level equivalents.

5. Error checking: Being human, a programmer is likely to make many mistakes in the development of a computer program. Many high-level languages enforce a great deal of error checking both at compile-time and at run-time.

6. Cost: The ultimate cost of a programming language is a function of many of its characteristics.

7. Familiar notation: A language should have familiar notation, so it can be understood by most of the programmers.

8. Quick translation: It should admit quick translation.

9. Efficiency: It should permit the generation of efficient object code.

10. Modularity: It is desirable that programs can be developed in the language as a collection of separately compiled modules, with appropriate mechanisms for ensuring self-consistency between these modules.

11. Widely available: Language should be widely available and it should be possible to provide translators for all the major machines and for all the major operating systems.

Steel is very strong. Our society is built of concrete and steel. The world as we know it would not exist without steel. Are there any military aircraft carriers that are not built of steel? But there are some lighter materials out there. What that means is that if you use aluminum to make, say, a seatpost for a bicycle, you'll have to make a thicker one out of aluminum to make it as strong as a steel one, but the aluminum one will be lighter while being as strong as the steel one. There are always trade offs when designing and engineering things and considering what metal to use.

Think about the bottom bracket on a bike with a 3-piece crank set. The axle is steel, or maybe titanium (same strength, but less weight - and more $'s!). Loads are so high here that this critical component is not made of aluminum 'cause it isn't tough enough to handle the stresses put on the part. And steel is the metal of choice for ball and roller bearings, particularly ones that take lots of abuse. Ceramics and carbide are harder, but they're more brittle, and can shatter under severe loading. It is most unusual to see bearings made out of something other than steel.

There are a couple of ways of measuring the strength of a metal, but the numbers don't make sense unless you compare one metal to another. Additionally, steel comes in many different alloy forms, and their characteristics will vary. Throw in the different techniques used to harden or otherwise heat treat the steel and you'll be here all day talking about how strong steel is. Yield strength and tensile strength of steel are, in general, pretty high, though. Steel is tough and strong.

I think it is .sln or .vbproj

I'm not sure.