Computer Networking

The hardware is usually connected by cat5 or cat6 cables. The wall sockets that they are usually plugged into run to a switch or switches that enable them to connect via more cables to the patch panel where the servers are also connected. each item would have its own static IP address(or in some cases they would use DHCP to assign them) so it could be found on the lan. IP addresses allow the switches and routers to direct the input from the computers to the proper machine.

While any unassigned and high level port could be used for SSH it is typically assigned to port 22 on a standard setup.

You would need to set up forwarding on that port on your router to the internal IP address in question.

The purpose of a router is to connect dissimilar networks.

Network security is an important aspect of system administration. The article focuses on the purpose of network security, the kind of threats that it faces and the implementation of a security strategy.

When the application layer passes large amounts of data to the transport layer. The transport layer multiplex different applications' communication by dividing the application data into segments and placing a header on each segment to indicate which communication it is associated. Also, because networks can provide multiple routes that can have different transmission times, data can arrive in the wrong order. However by numbering and sequencing the segments, the transport layer can ensure that these segments are reassembled into proper order. Without segmentation, only one application would be able to receive data.

You need a crossover cable you want to connect two computers without a switch. If you want to use more than two computers (with switch) you have to use a straight pair cable. ---- Ethernet (up to 100 Mbit) communicates on four of the eight wires available. Two of the wires are used to transmit data, and two are to receive. Wires 1 and 2 transmit while wires 3 and 6 receive. With this in mind, on a straight through cable the wires are in the same position on both ends of the cable. On a crossover cable the wire that is in position one connects to position three on the other side, and the wire in position two connects to position six on the other end. Straight Cross 1---------------1 1------------3 2---------------2 2------------6 3---------------3 3------------1 6----------------6 6-------------2

UDP or User Datagram Protocol works on the Transport Layer (layer 4) in the OSI model.

The company DropBox are a network data storage specialist website and system and their website includes all the information you will need on the subject.

Identify the form of attack where a valid transmission is recorded to later be used to fraudulently authenticate to a server.

This question can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no" but that wouldn't do it justice.

For all intents and purposes, yes, you need a Wireless router for a home wireless network. In industry, however, there are many solutions that do not involve an actual router, but instead a wireless bridge.

In residential environments, a wireless router is actually a whole slew of network devices wrapped into a single plastic box. These devices include a wireless access point (which is essentially a specialized RF radio), a switch which handles internal traffic, and a router which deals with traffic from the internet going to your internal network and vice versa.

In industry, the access points that you may see are simply that: the wireless access points. They are specialized to just broadcast a very strong signal. There are many other solutions to wifi, but the most common approach is a simple access point.

VPN Concentratorsare the ideal device when you require a single device to handle a large number of incoming VPN tunnels. VPN concentrators also allow for greater security from one of two architectures: SSL VPN or IPSec VPN. Some concentrators only offer support of one protocol or the other, whereas Cisco and other vendors advertise the ability to utilize either with their concentrators. The traditional tunnel for VPNs relies on IPSec, which resides at the network layer of the OSI model. At this level, a client is considered a virtual member of the connected network and can pretty much access the network as if locally connected. Therein lies a positive aspect of IPSec: Apps run without any awareness that the client is coming from outside the network. The drawback is that additional security controls have to be configured to reduce risks. For a client to access the IPSec VPN, it must have the client-side software configured. While this adds security, it provides additional cost to implement and leads to additional time and energy spent by tech support. This is what leads many toward an SSL solution. SSL is already built in to the capabilities of pretty much all computers through Web browsers. Thus, there is no additional work to install and configure the client side. In addition, rather than residing at the network layer, allowing access to all aspects of a network, SSL lets administrators allow access a bit more precisely toward applications that are Web-enabled. In addition, administrators can establish a finer level of control over uses with SSL VPN connections. On the negative angle, however, being that you can only utilize SSL VPNs through a Web browser, only Web-based applications will work. With a little bit of work, you can Web-enable additional applications, but this adds to the configuration time and may make SSL an unattractive solution for some.

Applications are disrupted by network failures more than by power shortages or problems with physical components, it has been asserted.

Figures from industry analyst Freeform Dynamics indicate that only software component failures account for more application outages.

The difference is that serial transmissions only use 2 wires for transmitting and receiving data, and only 1 for sending or receiving, and can only send one bit at a time. Parallel cables use several wires for data transmission and is much faster than serial thus 8 or more wires are carrying data *parallel* to each other to it's destination. serial data

data (8 bits)

transmit -----------010101010-----------------> single line to transmit on

receive <--------------------------- single line to receive on Parallel data (80 bits)

transmit multiple lines simultaneously

---- 010101001----------->

-----------010101010----------->

-----------010101010----------->

-----------010101001----------->

-----------010101010----------->

-----------010101010----------->

-----------010101001----------->

-----------010101010----------->

-----------010101010----------->

-----------010101001----------->

The processing and data overhead. There is processing overhaed because there are many as seven layers or modules invoked to move data from the application through the communications software. There is data overhead because of the appending of multiple headers of the data. Another disadvantage is that there must be at least one protocol standard per layer.

The best-case delay is the time it takes for a signal to travel the round trip of 80,000 km to the satellite and back. Since electromagnetic signals travel at the speed of light, we have the following:

80,000,000 m / 299,792,458 m/s .= 0.267 seconds

True; Make sure that the ESSID/SSID broadcast option is turned off at the access point!

4G technology refers to WiMAX and LTE Wireless Broadband technologies.

IBM Corporation (http://www.flumps.org/ip/a/indexa.html)

it means its stopped

just re-set it/repair the network connection

Tracing an IP address is fairly simple. To trace a website ip address , use your computer's command console to ping the URL, then use an IP lookup to find out where it comes from. Similarly, to trace the Ip address of an email, find the IP address from the email header, then use a whois search or IP lookup to trace it back to its source.

The Network layer is where the frames of the Data Link layer become packets. The best way to think of the Network layer is as the mailroom clerk of the OSI model. The clerk receives mail and directs it to the appropriate couriers. In similar fashion, the Network layer translates the frames it receives from the Data Link layer into more logical packets which can be routed to other networks (like sending it to a courier). At the Network layer, you can begin to actually communicate across a Network, but the service is called "unreliable" because no connection can be established. Communication over the Network layer is something like throwing a message in a bottle into the sea - you cannot verify that the other person ever reads the message. It should be noted that most of what we call "routing" occurs at the network layer - that is, network traffic is routed from one network to another at this layer, allowing for inter-network (as opposed to intra-network) communication.

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Wireless and Dial-Up are two different methods of accomplishing the same thing. Therefore, they are basically mutually exclusive. (technically you could use them both at the same time, but in nearly every case, the dial-up would be far inferior, so there wouldn't be much point).

If you mean "wireless internet" merely as the service that you have paid for, then it's possible. It depends on the terms of your contract with your service provider. In general, it would be pretty unusual.