Computer Science

Enrollment systems tend to be too complex. When students try to use them they may not complete the process because they don't understand what they are doing.

A linear queue models the FIFO(first in first out) data structure, much like a line in real life. The first person in line will be the first person served, in queues the first element to be added is the first that can be removed. The only adding point is to the end of the list and the only removal point is the beginning of the list.

Queue<String> q = new LinkedList<String>(); // The LinkedList class implements Queue

q.add("Bob"); // Now Bob is at the front of the queue

q.add("Stacy"); // Stacy after Bob

q.add("Will"); // and Will after her

String removed = q.remove(); // Bob is removed

q.add("Michael"); Michael is added after Will

System.out.println(q); // Prints ["Stacy", "Will", "Michael"]

The #include directive is used to tell the preprocessor that the specified file's contents are to be included at the point where the directive appears, just as if you'd typed those contents in full yourself.

Include files are primarily used to organise declarations of external variables and functions, complex data types, constants and macro definitions. The code need only be declared once, and included wherever required. Think of include files as a means of providing forward declarations without having to retype those declarations in full. The definitions of those declarations needn't be contained in the included file, but they must be made available to the program, either as a linked library or as a separate source code file which includes those same declarations.

The include keyword is used in C to tell the linker what libraries your code is going to be using.

Use the <h1> tag. E.G. <h1>This is in a big heading</h1>

Computer programming languages are divided into 2 types: low level languages and high level languages. There are 2 low level languages machine language and assembly language.

Machine language consists of two digits 0 and 1. 0 represents off and 1 represents on. These are called binary digits. 8 bits form 1 byte. Each byte represents a letter. For example A is represented by 01000001.

assembly language is easier than machine language. It has short words or abbreviations like ORG, MOVLW, GOTO.

That depends on how you look at it. The point of the JVM is to allow Java bytecode to be executed on any platform, regardless of what machine it was compiled on.

The actual implementation of the JVM, however, must be platform-specific.

Like many engineering classes require, computer engineering should be taking with prerequisites of electrical engineering. Computers in this field are used for the curriculum. The difference between computer engineering and computer science is that computer engineering deals with the hardware of a computer, or all the things you can see when you open a computer up, like the motherboard or hardrive. comp science deals with the software such as programs like Microsoft word for example

A CLI interface can be implemented on far fewer resources. The CLI is far better for scripting and automated purposes, as well as issuing simple commands. Finally, a CLI interface is generally not subject to copyright, whereas GUIs are.

A function can map for sets with infinite elements. Recursive variables, being 'algorithms of algorithms', are restricted to finite elements.

Give us the problem, and we'll help you solve it.

Platform independence refers to the fact that java compiled code (byte code) can execute on any operating system. A programme is written in a language that can be understood by humans. It could contain words, phrases, or other information that the system doesn't understand.... The Java Byte Code is the intermediate representation in Java.

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Let's say, I were to go create a button object for the program user to click on...; the button text might say.

[Click here]

...or,...

[Click here to see Help]

...or,...

[Click here to sort list]

-etc.

At first, the button would just simply sit there; and, therefore, the program would take no further action; except to wait for an 'event' to happen.

Whenever the user of my program clicks on that button; then, the button 'click event' will get triggered.

The users click might trigger off some other code to start working...such as, when the button is clicked on do this/or, do that...display a text message/or, sort list/ -etc.

Each seperate object has it's own list of possible events. For example, a button can have the following list of events...

button.Focus()

button.Click()

button.DoubleClick()

-etc.

so, the program waits to see what type of event is happenning, first ...and, when a certain type of event does, eventually, occur...then, this leads to more programming code getting executed.

This is how OOP/Object Oriented Programming languages...programming using objects/objects that are 'event driven' works.

Best case for insertion sort is O(n), where the array is already sorted. The worst case, where the array is completely reversed, is O(n*n).

The command line interface is just a type of GUI (Graphical User Interface) ie. windows 2000, xp, vista, 7. They all look different because of the different GUIs.

CLI(Command Line Interface) is more advanced, beginner users may struggle to use a CLI

GUI(Graphical User Interface) is more user friendly with graphics allowing mouse clicks etc.

CLI uses less computer resources due to being a simple command line so has its advantages over GUI.

GUI hogs more computer resources due to graphics etc.

CLI can be used to do more advanced commands and do alot of very technical processes.

GUI is very secure and offers users the things they need in plain site, point and click.

hashing algorithm contain two components - hashing function & collision.

hashing is mechanism which generally used in random file organization to convert the record key value into address.

Stack is an abstract data type that allows you to input and output data in a way that the first data which was placed in the stack will be the last one to get out. We use physical examples of stack in our daily lives such as the stack of dishes or stack of coins where you only add or remove objects from the top of the stack.

You can see the whole source code implementing the stack in related links, below.

Visual C++ Express http://www.microsoft.com/exPress/ is the best place to get a full C++ IDE (Integrated Development Environment). There are many other IDEs around, but I find this is the best one.

Other IDEs:

Eclipse http://www.eclipse.org/cdt/

Code::Blocks http://www.codeblocks.org/

Bloodshed Dev-C++ http://www.bloodshed.net/devcpp.html

Because it is a structured and systematic approach to building applications. Just like any other egineering discipline it has a planning stage

it has jargon and technical stages , it has conventions and measurement units. It involves the laying and combination of components , and he testing of their efficiency and sustainabibilty

average case worst case

LSD Radix sort O(n.k/s) O(n.k/s)

MSD Radix sort O(n.k/s) O(n.k/s.2^s)

n=no of items to be sorted

k=size of each key

s=chunk size used by implementation

LSD=Least Significant Digit

MSD=Most Significant Digit

Advantages

- more human-understandable, logical and easy-to-learn syntax that enables programmer to code more effectively

- portability - some of them can be hardware and OS indipendent, for example Java

Disadvantages

- they are usually slower than lower-lever languages, for example assembler is faster than C which is faster than C++ which is faster than c# or Java (on the same computer, of course)

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

int i,sum; // variables

sum = 0; // initialize sum

/* recursive addition of squares */

for (i = 1; i <= 30; i++)

sum = sum + (i * i);

cout << sum <<" is the sum of the first 30 squares."

<< endl;

return 0;

}

Bubble sort is a sorting algorithm that compares 2 adjacent items at a time, starting from the beginning of a list, and swapping them if they are out of sequence. Each comparison gradually moves the largest item to the end of the list (likened to a bubble making its way to the surface of water). After n*n passes, all the items will be sorted. The big O for a standard bubble sort is therefore O(n*n).

The algorithm can be improved somewhat. Since it is clear that the last item is sorted on each pass, the unsorted set can be reduced by 1 element on each pass. Moreover, since the final swap on each pass indicates that everything from that point on is already sorted, the unsorted set can often be reduced by more than 1 element on each pass. For an already sorted list, the worst case is reduced to O(n), constant time.

For small sets of data, perhaps 10 to 20 items, the bubble sort is reasonably efficient, especially on partially sorted lists. However the insert sort algorithm offers similar or better performance on average. With larger sets, the quick sort algorithm is hard to beat, but is let down by inefficiencies when dealing with partially sorted lists. Hybrid sorts can improve things a little, however, there is no efficient way to check the state of a list to determine the most efficient algorithm to use at any given point.