Cosmology

that portion of the universe that we can see in principle, given the finite age of the universe

Sometimes a student will say:"I am seeking knowledge for the sake of knowledge", implying that he is not after a diploma or a degree or something else of that sort. However,what he is doing is also wrong.

The first thing that i am prety sure of is light speed.

DarkPrince of Awesomeness

1. Fastest thing in the universe is supposedly the expansion of space itself

2. After that come all photons (electromagnetic waves including light) in pure vacuum (space not affected by gravity in general relativity).

2.1. Gravity waves also supposedly travel with the speed of light.

3. #3 would then be cosmic ray particles. Fastest one ever detected, the so called "The Oh-My-God Particle" with the energy of (3.2 +/- 0.9) * 10^20 electron volts and the speed 0.9999999999999999999999951 c, 1.467 * 10^(−15) metres per second slower than light. After traveling one light year, the particle would be only 0.15 femtoseconds (46 nanometers) behind a photon that left at the same time.

...by passing high speed water through turbines that drive generators to make electricity.

You tend to need reservoirs behind big dams to do this, in order to have enough water, although small scale HEP can be got from converted water wheels.

The Sand Reckoner was a mathematical treatise by Archimedes in which he tried to calculate the number of grains of sand that would fill the universe. His estimate used the heliocentric model of Aristarchus, but could not measure stellar parallax. It had many underestimations that yielded a universal diameter of only about 2 light-years, but coincidentally matched one value for the known observable universe (10^63 grains having 10^80 nucleons).

The two are quite unrelated. It would be harder to find similarities than differences.

More exactly, the two are only related by the fact that (as of 2013) we don't understand either -- thus the name "dark."

Dark matter is the type of matter that exists throughout our Universe, which interacts with baryonic matter (ie, the stuff we understand) only through gravity. This stuff (whatever it happens to be) warps space and prevents galaxies from flying apart as they spin; but does not interact via the electromagnetic force, the strong force, or the weak force. Its mass density in our Universe, as best we can tell, is about six times greater than that of bayronic matter.

Dark energy is whatever is causing the space within our Universe to increase the rate of expansion. Gravity SHOULD be slowing down that expansion over billions of years, but SOMETHING is causing the rate to go higher. What is causing this? -- we have no idea!!

One of Albert Einstein's discoveries was that matter and energy are the same basic stuff, and that we can turn matter into energy. The formula is e=mc2, so that the amount of energy can be calculated by multiplying the mass times the speed of light (represented by "c") squared. "c" is a very large number, and squaring it makes it enormous.

When matter and antimatter collide, they annihilate each other, turning their total mass into energy according to e=mc2.

If a speck of antimatter the size of a grain of sand were to hit the Earth, the resulting explosion would be bigger than the biggest H-bomb in the world.

Theories are not "discovered"; they are developed. "Science" is a process; we gather data by looking around, or doing experiments, or studying things. We try to figure out how they work. When we have gathered enough information to come up with an idea of how things happen, we develop a theory; an explanation that takes all of the evidence into account, and which can be used to make predictions. Based on our theory, we design experiments to see if the predictions that our theory suggests actually work.

We then follow the same path again; more observations, more theory, more experimenting. Eventually, we will gather enough information to say that our theory appears to be true, or to demonstrate that it is false.

The "Big Bang Theory" is going through that process right now. We have some information, especially the isotropic microwave radiation discovered by Penzias & Wilson (for which they won the Nobel Prize) and Edwin Hubble's idea about the expansion of the universe. Astronomers keep looking for more information, and designing new experiments. In many cases, NASA builds the experiments into spacecraft and launches them into orbit; we then gather even MORE information, which is then used to further refine and develop our theories.

At EVERY step of the way, a real scientist is ready to discard his theory if the evidence points in another direction.

Hubble's Law states that the receding velocity of an object A, with relative to object B, is directly proportional to the distance between the two objects. It allows us to calculate the speeds of celestial bodies with respect to Earth, given that we know the distance to that object(which can be found by using Doppler's Red Shift).

It is likely that the two individuals would develop similar personalities due to experiencing the same events and circumstances in parallel universes. However, there may still be some differences in their personalities attributable to individual genetic factors or other unique experiences that shape their character.

Mathematics is the LANGUAGE used to understand the grand design of the universe. The language is based on what we observe, not on what we imagine.

Comments: I think the question is about whether mathematics somehow

"exists", outside of human thought.

This has been a question in philosophy for centuries.

Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher, wrote about it.

It still causes debate and is a controversial area.

The arguments about the philosophy of mathematics are complicated, as you might expect.

I am researching that question too, All I know is:

· dark matter is hypothetical matter that is undetectable by its emitted radiation

· presence can be found from gravitational effects on visible matter

· Dark matter is believed to play a central role in structure formation1 and galaxy evolution1

· most of the matter in the entire Universe is invisible

· invisible stuff is called dark matter

· called "dark" because it does not emit any light

· cannot be seen directly

Have fun!

The number of protons in the Universe is estimated to be about 1079 or thereabouts. A very large number. The existence of electrons and neutrons does not alter this number very much. This was worked out in the 1930s by Arthur Eddington, from fundamental principles though recent ideas may have altered this number slightly, and the basis for it.

Recent work on effects abroad in the Universe are firming up to support the idea that there are a couple of other sources, yet to be identified with certainty, called Dark Matter, and Dark Energy.

Taking reasonable estimates for these, current numbers are that Ordinary Matter is about 4.6% of the material, Dark Matter another 23%, and Dark Energy about 72%. The Dark components are made of sub-atomic particles of which our present knowledge is very uncertain.

These outnumber Ordinary matter by some 20 to 1, but that only adds another 1 or so to the exponent of the Eddington Number of 1080.

Dark matter shows itself by its gravitational attraction. This type of evidence comes in many different forms, for example, our galaxy rotates way to fast for the amount of known matter, therefore, there must be some unknown matter.

Dark matter shows itself by its gravitational attraction. This type of evidence comes in many different forms, for example, our galaxy rotates way to fast for the amount of known matter, therefore, there must be some unknown matter.

Dark matter shows itself by its gravitational attraction. This type of evidence comes in many different forms, for example, our galaxy rotates way to fast for the amount of known matter, therefore, there must be some unknown matter.

Dark matter shows itself by its gravitational attraction. This type of evidence comes in many different forms, for example, our galaxy rotates way to fast for the amount of known matter, therefore, there must be some unknown matter.

well there is a fact that you need to know here , the big bang formed the whole universe we observe nowadays and as the great astronaut carl sagan said " what happened before the big bang is not affected with what happened after the big bang " so we might never know .

The observable Universe is the part of the Universe we can see from Earth because the light from all the objects in it has had enough time to reach us. Light from outside the observable Universe has yet to reach Earth.

The reason we can only see part of the Universe is because of the limited speed of light, and the expansion of the Universe, which is faster than that speed. According to Einstein, nothing in the Universe can move faster than light, but nothing stops the expansion of space from moving faster than light. This results in a large part of the Universe being completely invisible to us.

Harold Urey and Stanley Miller used a mixture of gases such as methane, ammonia, water vapor, and hydrogen to simulate the early Earth's atmosphere in their laboratory experiments. They then subjected this mixture to electrical sparks to mimic lightning, creating amino acids and other organic compounds, potentially similar to those that could have formed on early Earth.

In Switzerland, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) located at CERN is used to recreate conditions similar to those just after the Big Bang occurred. Scientists study these high-energy collisions to better understand the fundamental particles and forces that make up the universe. It helps researchers investigate the origins of matter, antimatter, and the nature of dark matter and dark energy.

An atom is a nucleus surrounded by several electrons. The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons; these can be further subdivided into quarks. As for dark matter, no one knows what it is. The only evidence for dark matter is the fact that the "light matter" (the stuff we can see in space) isn't nearly enough to create enough gravity to hold the universe together. It could be anything that has mass and isn't directly observable - white dwarves, black holes, bits of rock, as-yet-undiscovered kinds of fundamental particle, ... It could be a bit of each. Given that space is only illuminated in small patches where the stars are, it's not at all surprising that there appear to be things we can't see. In fact, dark matter is so elusive that in recent years some astronomers have begun to doubt whether it even exists, saying that maybe the general theory of relativity needs to be modified to add more gravity over larger distances. So dark matter could be made of atoms, like light matter - it could be something quite mundane. Could atoms be made of dark matter? In other words, could dark matter consist of subatomic particles? If it did, then it would be made of atoms (because nothing else is stable and made of subatomic particles).

An astrobiologist studies the potential for life beyond Earth, including on other planets or moons within our solar system or beyond. They investigate how life might originate, evolve, and survive in extraterrestrial environments.

Cosmography

To transfer your cosmetology license from Florida to Idaho, you will need to contact the Idaho Board of Cosmetology for specific instructions and requirements. Typically, you will need to provide proof of your Florida license, complete any additional education or examination requirements, and pay a fee for the transfer process. It is recommended to start this process early to ensure a smooth transition.

The bright positive masculine principle in Chinese dualistic cosmology is known as Yang. It represents light, warmth, expansion, activity, and the sun. It is often associated with traits such as strength, assertiveness, and dominance.

The universe was created from a concept known "The Big Bang Theory". This concept explains that the universe was created spontaneously with space and time, i.e when time t=0, the universe was created by an enormous amount of energy exploding to create mass and matters in the space, Just like an atom bomb explosion related to the theory of relativity. Thus the creation of universe simply involved the fusion of postive and negative energy in space with time. After the big bang, the inflation rapid settles and cools down with the matters in the space which later were responsible for the birth of cosmic matters such as stars, galaxies and suns and other planetary bodies. If the question rises 'what was happening before the big bang ?'

The universe is multi-verse. Black holes (or) Worm holes in the space indicates by research that, there may another universe beyond these black holes, from which the big bang of our universe happened in first place. As per the calculation, the big bang would have occurred 13.7 billions years before, causing the universe expanding so massively and still going on. However, If the universe is proposed to be created from energy, space and time, we could not prove the exact reason and source of the creation of universe, since on earth or no living thing has been exposed yet to how and when energy space and time were formed. If a believer can say GOD is the creator of energy space and time, then someday science could prove what created everything.

Geocentric understanding places the Earth at the center of the solar system or universe (depending on what is being discussed, and when) A Heliocentric understanding places the sun at the center of the solar system, or universe.