Cosmology

There are possibilities on all subjects. It doesn't matter how large the possibility is, but there are on every subject. As there is a possibility that we all go insane, and commit suicide on this hour... Even though the possibility of this is close to none, there still is a possibility, in any way you can look at it.

There is a possibility that there is life in the universe other than ours.

We didn't find out yet, and space agencies like NASA are busy researching this subject. The Kepler Space Telescope is busy looking out for planets bigger than ours.

By the time we know if there is other life in the universe, it will be at leas some years in the future, most likely tens, or maybe even hundreds of years. But you never know, maybe there isn't...

The Higgs Boson (nicknamed the "God Particle", in one of history's WORST choices for a popular name) is a particle predicted by the existence of the Higgs Field, a hypothesis created to explain why some particles have mass and some don't. If it turned out that the Higgs Boson did NOT exist, then a lot of science over the last forty years would have to be thrown out. However, that boson was found, fairly close to the mass predicted -- meaning the Higgs Field can continue to be used, and the Standard Model remains the basic idea of particle physics.

However, the Higgs Field, and its accompanying boson, have nothing to do with dark matter. That latter stuff (whatever it happens to turn out to be) interact with baryonic matter (ie, the stuff we understand) through gravity, and not much else. Dark matter is out there, as we can clearly see its effects -- we just don't know what it IS. But it can't be the Higgs Field, or its boson, as the field has no mass and the boson is so unstable as to disappear in less than a billionth of a trillionth of a second. Dark matter, in contrast, has been unchanged over billions of years.

You're probably thinking of electrons, whose mass is much smaller than nucleons but also have a negative charge. Indeed, the electron has the smallest amount of mass of any particle with a negative charge.

No, the universe is ever expanding and has no limit to which it can end.

Recent evidence suggests that the Milky Way is a barred galaxy, and does not have a bulge in the classical sense. One estimate for the thickness of the central part of the Galaxy is ca. 16.000 ly. But if I were you, I would not put too much stock in this answer: astronomers are still learning new things about our galaxy every day, and the figure may well double - or halve - come next month.

I am not sure there is one. Galaxies contain stars, gas, dust, black holes and other dead stars, and - above all - dark matter. The dark matter typically makes up 80-90% of a galaxy's mass.

it means that you are not using the ones that you need so basically you are using the ones that you don't need to use..

Simple answer: we don't know.

10^500 is the number of permitted solutions to the equation that is the basis of M-Theory. In other words, M-Theory not only predicts a universe that looks exactly like ours, but it also predicts 10^500 other kinds of universes. It's as if someone wrote down an equation for the current assets of Google Inc ("CA(G)") as

CA(G) > $1

and took note that this formula correctly "predicted" Google's assets as of 2014 January 1.

At the present time, we don't yet know if

1) M-Theory is anything more than a mathematical oddity with no connection to reality.

2) There are other universes out there.

3) Those other universes also obey the rules of M-Theory.

4) Those other universes -- if they exist at all AND obey M-Theory -- are like ours, or are (instead) a completely different solution to the formula.

5) There is one to one correspondence between "permitted solution" and "other universe." For all we know, 40% of all other universes are like ours, 17% are solution 175,023,985,254....998 to the M-Theory Equation, and the rest are "other solutions."

Right now, all we have is speculation about the above questions. There may be one Universe, there may be 100 trillion, there may be 10^500, there may be an infinite number. We just don't know. Perhaps future minds can answer these questions.

The heaviest elements occurring in nature are formed inside supernovae, through nucleosynthesis.

It indicates how fast an object is moving away from us.

I don't think the big bang has an opinion about the Bible. Is it against the teachings of the Bible? The Bible says God spoke and the universe leaped into existence. The big bang could be the mechanism for this, or it could not be, it is only a theory.

We don't know the EXACT fraction of the observable Universe that is anti-matter, as opposed to the matter that constitutes our galaxy. We do know, however, that this fraction is quite small. If there WERE large sections of our Universe that consisted of anti-matter, the bounday layer between that section and the matter sections would have collisions between matter and anti-matter, and this would result in gamma rays coming from those collisions. Yes, it would be very few collisions and very rare gamma rays -- the density of inter-galactic space is a mere one atom per cubic meter-- but the gammas should be detectable. In thirty years of looking for them, we haven't found them. From this are pretty much forced to conclude that the entire observable Universe consists of the same matter stuff of our Local Cluster.

The Big Bang supports interpreted observational evidence of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) barrier that the universe is Time bound (or has a finite existence), that the universe is expanding (within the dimensional limits of Space and Time), that the universe is evolving a set amount of matter and energy while it is expanding over time, and that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic with respect to Space and Time.

A constitutional monarchy is a form of constitutional government, where either an elected or hereditary monarch is the head of state, unlike in an absolute monarchy, wherein the king or the queen is the sole source of political power, as he or she is not legally bound by the constitution.

The levels and types of power and authority held by the Monarch vary from case to case, as does the nature and guarantees of the constitution, of course.

Most constitutional monarchies have a parliamentary system (such as Australia, Belgium, Cambodia, Canada, Denmark, Japan, Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, United Kingdom) in which the monarch is the head of state, but a directly or indirectly elected prime minister is head of government.

Although most contemporary constitutional monarchies are representative, constitutional democratic monarchies, they have co-existed with fascist and quasi-fascist constitutions (Italy, Spain) and with military dictatorships.

There is no implication of shared power implicit in a constitutional monarchy. IN some cases, the constitutional monarch is essentially powerless and a figurehead, in others, the monarch enjoys -almost- unlimited power.

The sole distinction in a constitutional monarchy is that the power of the monarch is predicated on constitutional empowerment and limitations.

There is no scientific proof of what will or can happen to the universe tomorrow so nobody can really say what will happen in 1 googolplex years from now. I would hope that there is space travel and flying cars by then though.

Because space is so big we can't see all of it our selfs so we do test on what we know about it and we pice that with what we know to see if it correct or not

Theoretically, there are infinite parallel universes in the multiverse, however it is not necessarily widely accepted that the multiverse exists.

It is not old enough. It is estimated that it would take trillions of years for a white dwarf to a black dwarf. The universe is only about 13.8 billion years old.

If you believe it is real, it is real.

Approximately 13.8 billion years ago.

If that's supposed to be a year number, it's in the future, not in the past.

Roughly 4.5 billion years ago, putting it very early in the history of the Solar System.

Mainly that galaxies that are very far away (i.e., from the distant past) look different to galaxies that are near-by (from the more recent past).

One of the latest estimates is about 67.80Â (plus-minus) 0.77 (km/second)/Mpc. Check the Wikipedia article on "Hubble constant" for more details, and other estimates.