Digestive System

The absorption of amino acids, simple sugars (such as glucose), vitamins and minerals involves active transport processes. in contrast, the products of fat (fatty acids) digestion are lipid-soluble molecules and are able to diffuse easily through the membranes of the intestinal cells.

The stomach secretes hydrochloric acid. The acid is produced by special cells called parietal or oxyntic cells. The pH of stomach acid is between 1 - 2. For more details see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acid

Which one of the following correctly represents the order in which food coming into the body passes through the structures of the digestive system?

Food moves from the mouth to the pharynx, then on to the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, and finally the large intestine.

Vasocontriction throughout the intestinal tract during sympathetic discharge helps redistribute the blood and makes it easier for the heart to maintain higher diastolic blood pressure. This increases blood flow to major muscle groups and in turn permits increased oxygenation and energy utilisation, both of which are necessary during situations where physical exertion may have a (perceived) survival benefit.

Bacteria in mutualistic relationships with plants can provide essential nutrients, such as nitrogen, by fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for the plants. This helps the plants with their growth and development, especially in nutrient-poor soils.

The act of digestion consists of hundreds of separate decomposition reactions. Digestion occurs in the mouth as soon as you eat something. The enzyme amylase begins to decompose proteins by breaking the peptide bonds that hold them together. Complex carbohydrates are also broken down into simpler sugars which the body can burn for energy right away. These processes continue in the stomach and small intestines as well with different chemicals, like the enzymes pepsin and peptidase, which are specific to those organs. Generally speaking, proteins are broken down into amino acids, and polysaccharides, with their glycocemic bonds, are broken down into glucose. Unsaturated fats can be broken down as well, but saturated fats, with their long carbon chains, are very difficult to break down, which is why they are stored as fat.

The trypsin digest of the peptide Ala-Glu-Lys-Phe-Val-Cys-Tyr-Met-Gly-Phe would yield the following fragments: Ala-Glu-Lys, Phe-Val-Cys-Tyr, Met-Gly, Phe. Trypsin cleaves at the C-terminus of lysine and arginine residues, so the peptide is cleaved at the Lys residue.

The pH of stomach acid typically ranges from 1.5 to 3.5. After taking an antacid, which is a base that neutralizes stomach acid, the pH of the stomach acid is expected to increase, becoming less acidic and moving closer to a neutral pH of 7.

An amino acid is composed of an amino group (NH2), a carboxylic acid group (COOH), and a side chain (R group) attached to a central carbon atom. The specific structure of the side chain distinguishes different amino acids from each other.

it is all to do with a buffer system in the stomach! the body has many of these systems! its to ensure homostasis! the mucus in the walls of the stomach protect from selfdigestion! the stomach contains hcl which is concentrated! this is what keeps the pH low!

The nerves of the gastrointestinal tract are referred to as the enteric nervous system. It controls the movement of food and secretions within the digestive system independently of the brain and spinal cord.

Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch into maltose, which is a disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules.

Macromolecule digestion typically begins in the mouth with the breakdown of carbohydrates by amylase. Further digestion of macromolecules like proteins and lipids occurs in the stomach and small intestine with the help of various enzymes such as pepsin and pancreatic lipase.

GWAY-ak refers to a type of antibody that can be tested for in the stool to detect gastrointestinal infections caused by certain bacteria like Campylobacter jejuni. A positive result indicates the presence of antibodies against this bacteria in the stool sample, suggesting an active infection that may be causing gastrointestinal symptoms. Further evaluation and treatment may be needed based on these test results.

Fiber-rich vegetables like leafy greens, carrots, and bell peppers will pass through the human digestive tract with the least digestion. The human body cannot fully break down the fiber found in these vegetables, so they largely remain intact as they pass through the digestive system.

During polymer digestion, water molecules are used to break down the polymer chains through hydrolysis. This process involves the addition of water molecules, which break the bonds between individual monomers by providing H+ and OH- ions. H+ ions attach to one monomer unit, while OH- ions attach to the adjacent monomer unit, allowing for the separation of the two monomers.

The muscle system contains over 600 muscles in the human body, providing the ability to move and support the body. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that the body can absorb and use for energy and growth. Both systems are vital for overall health and function in the human body.

The cavity below the chest that contains digestive organs is called the abdominal cavity. It houses organs like the stomach, liver, intestines, and pancreas, which play crucial roles in digestion, absorption of nutrients, and waste elimination. The abdominal cavity is protected by the abdominal muscles and lined with a membrane called the peritoneum.

Because steak is red meat, it takes what biochemists refer to as the 'red pathway', the 3rd of 4 pathways in the human digestive system. The red pathway is unfortunately the closest to the urinary pathway, and so sometimes red-meat by-products (after eating) are passed out through urine, rather than through 'normal' methods.

The ribosomes responsible for producing enzymes involved in the first steps of sugar metabolism can be found in the cytoplasm of the cell. Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are synthesized based on the instructions from messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. These enzymes are essential for breaking down sugars and initiating the metabolic process.

These cells are likely dual-function cells that serve both sensory and digestive purposes. This phenomenon may be advantageous for the animal in terms of energy efficiency and resource utilization, as it allows for the recycling of cellular materials for different physiological processes.

The enzyme that digests starch is called amylase. Amylase is produced in both the saliva (salivary amylase) and the pancreas (pancreatic amylase) and breaks down starch into smaller sugar molecules like maltose.

1. Frogs have a much simpler digestive system compared to humans, with a single-chambered stomach while humans have a complex four-chambered stomach.
2. Humans have a longer small intestine for nutrient absorption, while frogs have a shorter one.
3. Frogs have a large sac-like structure called the gall bladder to store bile, while humans have a gall bladder but it is not as prominent as in frogs.
4. Frogs have a single opening for both ingestion and excretion called the cloaca, while humans have separate openings for these functions.
5. Frogs have a specialized organ called a cloacal bursa for water absorption, which humans lack.
6. Frogs have a shorter large intestine compared to humans.

My son has Russell Silver Syndrome (RSS) and is VERY picky. He eats only a handful of different foods and refuses to try most new foods unless they look like chocolate. I believe some kids with RSS seem to be hypersensitive when it comes to foods, tastes, sensations etc. Also, many people with RSS suffer from gatrointestinal issues, such as reflux, constipation and delayed gastric emptying. These things can dramatically affect the amount and the type of things they feel like eating.