Electromagnetic Radiation

When Earth cools, most of the energy transferred from Earth's surface to space is done through radiation. The Earth's surface emits infrared radiation, which travels through the atmosphere and out into space. This process of radiative cooling helps to balance the incoming solar energy and maintain Earth's temperature equilibrium.

In standard 12 physics, key topics to focus on include electromagnetism, optics, modern physics (e.g. quantum mechanics), and mechanics. It's important to understand fundamental concepts in each of these areas as they form the basis for more advanced physics studies. Additionally, practicing numerical problems related to these topics is crucial for building problem-solving skills.

No. Bluetooth is designed for very low power use, and the transmission range is

typically only around 10m (about 30ft). High-powered Bluetooth devices will enable

ranges up to 100m (300ft). Considering the design philosophy behind Bluetooth,

even the 10m range is adequate for the purposes Bluetooth is intended for.

Cellphones must be able to communicate reliably with the nearest cellular tower.

Transmit power output can range up to as much as a few watts.

The sun emits a variety of ions, mainly in the form of charged particles such as protons and electrons. These ions are released through processes like solar wind and solar flares. The sun also emits heavier ions such as helium and oxygen ions.

nothing

Anything that is transparent will have a refractive index. Glass is transparent to visible light and has a refractive index with it. Having these combined properties lets you make a lens for visible light out of glass.

Now glass is transparent to IR radiation so any glass lens would focus IR radiation.

The ozone layer primarily absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, particularly UV-B and UV-C rays. This absorption helps to protect Earth's surface from the harmful effects of these high-energy radiations.

• low frequencies induce eddy currents in metals, heating them.
• high frequencies vibrate atoms themselves, heating the material
• higher frequencies trigger chemical changes.
• very high frequencies knock electrons out of atoms, creating reactive ions.

The electromagnetic spectrum includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays. Each type of radiation has different wavelengths and frequencies, and they are all forms of electromagnetic radiation.

No, all types of electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum, which is approximately 3.00 x 10^8 meters per second. The speed of light remains constant regardless of the frequency or wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

Gamma radiation is the most dangerous type of nuclear radiation if the source is outside the body, as it can penetrate through the body causing damage to cells and DNA. It has the highest energy and can travel the farthest distances.

Red is about 405 to 480 THz

Orange from 480 to 515 THz

Yellow from 515 to 525 THz

Green from 525 to 575 THz

Cyan from 575 to 610 THz

Blue from 610 to 680 THz

Violet from 680 to 785 Tz

The question founders on the rocks of a chicken/egg conundrum.

The presence of both an electric field and a magnetic field is required

in order to produce an electromagnetic wave.

-- Because they can't be efficiently transmitted or collected, on account of the

ridiculously humongous antenna size required.

-- Because they're too strongly absorbed by atmospheric gases or water vapor.

-- Because they can't be generated with currently available technology.

The visible light spectrum ranges from approximately 400 to 700 nanometers in wavelength, corresponding to a frequency range of about 430 to 750 terahertz. This spectrum includes the colors of light that human eyes can perceive, from violet to red.

The property that determines a visible light region of the electromagnetic spectrum is wavelength. Visible light has wavelengths ranging from about 400 to 700 nanometers, with shorter wavelengths corresponding to violet light and longer wavelengths corresponding to red light.

The electromagnetic spectrum consists of a range of energies, from low-energy radio waves to high-energy gamma rays. This spectrum includes various types of energy, such as visible light, infrared radiation, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and microwaves, each having specific properties and interactions with matter.

The solar energy you are referring to is called infrared radiation. It has longer wavelengths than visible red light and is felt as heat when it is absorbed by an object.

Radiation moves at the speed of light in a vacuum (approximately 299,792 kilometers per second). In a solid or liquid medium, the speed of radiation is slightly slower due to interactions with the medium's atoms or molecules. In a gas, radiation can travel faster compared to a solid or liquid but still slower than in a vacuum due to lower interaction with gas particles.

Infrared light has longer wavelengths than visible light. Visible light ranges from about 400-700 nanometers in wavelength, while infrared light ranges from about 700 nanometers to 1 millimeter. This difference in wavelength determines how these types of light interact with matter and are perceived by our eyes.

When a crystal absorbs a photon, that energy becomes part of the crystal. When that same crystal releases a photon, that photon is taking energy away from the crystal.

The Stokes Shift is a measure of the difference in wavelength (and thus energy) of photons absorbed by a crystal and then immediately re-emitted by that same crystal. The energy shift between the two photons is an indication of how much energy has been permanently absorbed by the crystal in the form of heat.

From the same event on the same source both should arrive at the same time, unless delayed by an intervening medium.

IR, Red, Orange in a typical fire. A pure hydrogen fire however gives off only IR and a barely visible amount of Blue. Metallic salts in the flame will add their own characteristic colors (e.g. sodium: Yellow, copper: Green).

Yes, it can do that. Electrosmog from the inverter system connected to the solar

panels cause that symptoms and if you continue to be close to the fields you will

develop EHS (Electromagnetic Hyper Sensitivity). It can be a very big handicap in

the modern community to get such an illness.

Please read more on the related link.

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Another answer / opinion / perspective:

-- The target of the related link makes no mention of anything called "electro-smog".

-- The target of the related link is talking about electromagnetic fields. There are

no electromagnetic fields associated with a solar electricity system. The blue cells

in the collecting panel are completely passive generators of DC, and the storage

part of such a system is a bunch of car batteries.

-- Even if the system were a potent source of intense electromagnetic radiation,

the hardware is all on the roof and in the basement ... not in the rooms where you

spend most of your time.

-- The target of the related link bases its call for action on the statement that the

long-term results of exposure to electromagnetic fields are unknown. Its organizers

are apparently unaware that the sun is a potent source of electromagnetic fields,

and that exposure to additional man-made sources has been a fact of daily life for

roughly the past 100 years, with the number of sources increasing daily.

-- If you must have something electromagnetic to worry about, here are two things

that worry me:

. . . . . The cell-phone transmitting antenna that you hold about an inch and a half

from your brain.

. . . . . The high-voltage, forced-air cooled cavity magnetron operating at 2.5 Gigahertz,

that generates a couple of kilowatts of RF energy which then blasts through a rectangular

waveguide and fills a resonant chamber with standing waves of intense electrostatic and

magnetic fields ... all of this right in front of you while you're standing there watching it,

waiting for the left-over meat-loaf in the "microwave" to finish heating up.

Possible negative effects of infrared non-ionizing radiation include skin burns, eye damage, and potential heat-related injuries. Prolonged exposure to intense infrared radiation can also cause tissue damage and dehydration. It's important to limit exposure and use protective measures when working with infrared sources.

Yes, supernovas emit gamma rays as part of the explosion process. These gamma rays carry a significant amount of energy and are one of the most powerful forms of radiation emitted during a supernova event.