Electronics Engineering

Redundancy means the repetation of data.

There are 2 types of redundancy in image processing:

1. Global

Its caused by similar patterns being repeated over the image.

2. Local

If the neighboring pixels do not change abruptly, but change gradually in their values.

ANSWER : it does not pertain to data but circuits and whole systems if one fail a redundant system will continue to work. see reliability.

Fourier transform analyzes signals in the frequency domain, representing the signal as a sum of sinusoidal functions. Wavelet transform decomposes signals into different frequency components using wavelet functions that are localized in time and frequency, allowing for analysis of both high and low frequencies simultaneously. Wavelet transform is more suitable than Fourier transform for analyzing non-stationary signals with localized features.

Pulse position modulation offers high noise immunity, efficient use of bandwidth, and easy implementation with digital circuits. This modulation technique is particularly useful in applications requiring high data transmission rates and reliable communication in noisy environments.

N-type semiconductor started off as a non-conducting material which, having been doped with a pentavalent element, has become a conductor due to an abundance of free electrons that act as charge carriers.

Redundancy is the state where duplicate rows of the same data is available in a database.

Lets say we have an employee database which contains 2 rows of the following data

Emp num Emp Name Age

12345 John 25

12345 John 25

This is data redundancy.

Data redundancy can be avoided by the use of keys in tables. If in the employee table we had defined a primary key condition for employee number, then the system would not allow us to enter 2 rows of the same data.

A and B are redundant. There is redundancy between A and B.

Both "with" and "to" are awkward, if not incorrect.

The reactance of an inductor is calculated as Xl = 2πfL, where Xl is the inductive reactance, f is the frequency, and L is the inductance. Substituting the given values of 100 microhenries for inductance and 400 Hz for frequency into the formula gives Xl = 2 * π * 400 * 100 * 10^-6 which equals approximately 251.3 ohms.

# Optical fibres can carry more information as opposed to conventional cables. # Optical fibres are not affected by radio frequency interferrence # Information carried in an optical fibre can only be tapped physically (to steal information, the thief has to work on the optical fibre so that the light will travel to the thief)

The electrical bandwidth refers to the frequency range that the electronic components in the communication system can handle, while optical bandwidth refers to the frequency range that the optical fiber can transmit. The relationship between the two bandwidths is important in ensuring that the data transmission is efficient and reliable. Matching the electrical and optical bandwidths helps to avoid signal degradation and distortion in the communication system.

An increase in air pressure to the actuator is required to cause the valve to open. This is called Air-to-Open Valve. Otherwise normally called Fail-Closed or Normally Closed Valve.

An increase in air pressure to the actuator is required to cause the valve to close. This is called Air-to-Close Valve. Otherwise normally called Fail-Open or Normally Open Valve.

Another way of looking at these definitions are:

When air is given from the bottom of the diaphragm, the stem will go up and flow enters from the input and flows to the output. This is called Air-to-Open.

When air is given from the top side of the diaphragm, the stem will go down and the stem will close the plug into the seat, meaning that the flow would be shut-off and the valve will be closed.

Basically, you need air to either open or close the valve to allow your flow to proceed or shut.

A light-emitting diode (LED) emits light when an electric current passes through it. A photodiode, on the other hand, generates an electric current when exposed to light. In summary, an LED produces light, while a photodiode detects light.

BCD-BinaryCodedDecimal->Binary equivalent of each decimalexpressed using 4 bits->For single digit decimal BCD is same as its binary.In BCD only first 10 binary numbers are valid.The remaining 5 are invalid.

Gray code is an unweighed code.

ex:

G3=B3

G2=G3 XOR B2

G1=G2 XOR B1

G0=G1 XOR B0

A dual power supply refers to a system that provides two separate power sources to a device or circuit. This setup offers redundancy and can help improve reliability in case one power source fails. It is commonly used in critical systems where uninterrupted power supply is necessary.

An internal regulator circuit is a component within a device that regulates and maintains a stable voltage output. It ensures that the voltage supplied to other components remains within specified limits, preventing damage that could occur from voltage fluctuations. Internal regulator circuits are commonly used in electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, and power supplies.

Pulse code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent analog signals by sampling the signal at regular intervals and quantizing the amplitude value to a specific number of bits. This allows for the accurate reproduction of the original analog signal for transmission and storage.

An organically based communication disorder is a disorder that is caused by physical or neurological factors, rather than psychological or emotional ones. This means that the communication difficulties arise from problems in the structure or functioning of the brain or other organs involved in communication, such as the vocal cords or hearing organs.

P-type semiconductor materials are formed by adding trivalent impurities, such as boron or aluminum, to a pure semiconductor material like silicon. These impurities introduce "holes" in the crystal lattice of the material, creating positively charged carriers. This results in a material with an excess of positive charge carriers, making it P-type.

An SCS has an additional gate - the anode gate. It is physically smaller than an SCR and has smaller leakage and holding currents than an SCR.

Your question is lacking in enough detail to give you a precise answer. However, it is not unusual in any experiment to get different experimental values depending on the controls you place on the experiment. For example, using Ohm's Law the Voltage is Current x Resistance.

Say you have a simple DC circuit with a 100 ohm resistor across a 10 Volt supply. Theory tell us that the current is equal to one-tenth amp (.1A). However, when you measure the current with an ampmeter the value is .15 A. Among other things the following things could go wrong. (Sample errors chosen at random to illustrate the point)

1.) The voltage really isn't 10 volts, it is only 9.8 volts under load.

2.) Your ampmeter isn't calibrated correctly and reading is off.

3. ) You have an analog ampmeter and there is a paralax error in reading the meter which throws off your measurement.

4.) The tolerance of the resistor is 20% so you don't really have 100 ohms.

5.) Temperature could play a factor.

6.) There could be a loose connection.

7.) Your little brother dripped jelly on the resistor effectively changing the end to end resistance, and so forth.

current.

english

No, they are different things. This would be like calculating an apple into an orange.

RF, which stands for Radio Frequency, is used for various purposes such as communication, radar systems, medical treatments (like radiofrequency ablation for pain relief), and heating in industrial processes. Its ability to transmit data wirelessly and penetrate certain materials makes it a valuable tool in multiple industries.

There are two main types of feedback inhibition: competitive inhibition, where an inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site of an enzyme; and non-competitive inhibition, where an inhibitor binds to a site on the enzyme other than the active site, altering the enzyme's shape and reducing its activity.