Electronics Engineering

No. There are losses involved with each stage of the conversion, from DC to AC, and from AC back to DC. The battery running this would gradually discharge. Any other result would constitute a perpetual motion machine which, in this imperfect world, is impossible.

I have not seen any reports on Ancestry.com or other genealogy sites that give a death date for him, and it is certainly possible he is still alive; having been born in November 1935, he would be 81 years old in 2016.

The 74LS00 is a logic NAND gate with normal logic level inputs. This means that the inputs has a low range below 0.8V, unrecognised range and a high range above 2V. At any time a input signal crosses those levels, a change in state can be expected. Applicable to the LS family, they have a floating input that means it is uncertain the state of logic level if no input is connected. Therefore never assume that since the input is not connected that the circuit will assume a zero, it can be either zero or one.

The 74LS132 is also a NAND gate logic function. But different to the Logic level input it uses what we call a Schmitt trigger input to improve noise immunity in a circuit. In simple terms; it's really nothing more than a comparator input. But the Schmitt trigger also have a hysteresis, which help to eliminate the affect what noise have on the circuit.

On a more technical note

Each circuit contains a 2-input Schmitt trigger followed by a Darlington level

shifter and a phase splitter driving a TTL totem pole output. The totem pole is basically a push-pull output stage constructed with two p-n-p transistors and a diode on the output.

The comparator function would mean that there is a particular threshold level on the input and if the input voltage pass the particular level, the output or intermediate state of the function will change state. In the case of multiple logic inputs the change of input state does not necessarily mean a change in output state and therefore I will refer to an intermediate area inside the function related to the input state.

The hysteresis create a high and low trigger points. This cause the input to at least pass the high trigger point of about 1.6V before the intermediate state will change or drop below the 0.9V before the intermediate state change back again. Therefore the practical unit will not have one particular level to change state but these two fixed trigger points must be used.

It sounds like it complicates matters but it really helps to handle input noise signals which makes the Schmitt trigger a handy device. Making it a good device for signal conditioning of logic signals in some applications.

Also take note that the high and low hysteresis trigger points may vary with supply voltage. In fact I do not recommend it as standard practice to use a Schmitt trigger to evaluate analogue levels, some engineers may differ but I would rather refer to a real comparator circuit design where you have more control over precision, trigger points and reference levels. But may be considered for logic inputs from sensors or conditioning of logic signals

Some circuits may also employ Schmitt trigger devices for oscillators and contact debouncing

Logic Gates are electronic building blocks of a digital system.

Their physical manifestation may take any form, but essentially a logic gate consists of a collection of binary digits and a set of rules where such digits are combined to give a resulting set of binary digits.

The rules that are implemented by logic gate are of the fundamental Boolean Algebraic Operations.

Logic gates may be coupled together so that digital input to a system produces a predetermined digital output. It is a logical set of rules. The concept of digital information flowing into a system through an electronic pathway coveys a perception that gave someone the idea of a gate when this was named long ago.

To produce a 3-input OR gate when only 2-input OR gates are available: Use 3 OR gates Inputs to Gate A are input 1 and input 2 Input to Gate B is input 3 (if 2 inputs are necessary, include input 3 and FALSE) Inputs to Gate C are outputs from Gate 1 and Gate 2 === If input 1 OR 2 is TRUE, output of Gate A will be TRUE. If input 3 is TRUE, output of Gate B will be TRUE. If output of Gate A OR Gate B is TRUE, output from Gate C will be TRUE. That is if one ore more of Inputs 1, 2 or 3 is TRUE, the result will be TRUE. Otherwise, output of Gate C will be FALSE.

the amount of potential to forward bias it

Measures current by magnetic field induced into the clamp. You need to clamp a single conductor. For example you couldn't just clamp a lamp cord since it has two conductors and the current is going in opposite directions and the fields cancel each other out.

Do you mean :- how to get full adders by using half-adders?

For this question refer following answer -

A full-adder can be obtained by combining two half-adders and one or gate.

Details on full-adder and half-adder can be referenced from following link

http://www.fullchipdesign.com/fulladder.htm

Cathode ray tube amusement device was created in 1947.

Transistors were shortly thereafter replaced by integrated circuits, which further minimized size and lessened power requirements.

FM transmitter : In this case the frequency of a carrier signal is modulated/altered in accordance with that of frequency of modulating signal.

TYPES OF FM TRANSMITTER:

1> directly modulated FM transmitter.

2>indirectly modulated FM transmitter.

an FM transmitter is a portable device that plugs into the headphone jack or proprietary output port of a portable audio or video device, such as a portable media player, CD player, or satellite radio system. The sound is then broadcast through the transmitter, and plays through an FM broadcast band frequency. Purposes for an FM transmitter include playing music from a device through a car stereo, or any radio.

Yes, most DMM are ''average responding", giving accurate rms reading if the ac voltage signal is a pure sine wave. They measure the average of the absolute value of ac voltage and are calibrated so that reading are corrected to that of the rms value of a sine wave.Error occur if harmonic are present.

{| |- | capacitance of the capacitor is mentioned in KVAR. Formula : KVAR = KW*tan@ FOR tan@, First note the power factor & KW without connecting capacitor. The noted power factor is in cos@.Convert the cos@ value in tan@. for ex. If power factor is 0.6, KW = 200 cos@ = 0.6 cos-1 (0.6) = 53.1 tan (53.1) = 1.333 200*1.333 = 266.6 KVAR if you use 266 KVAR capacitor, Then the power factor improves to unity (1.000). |}

The word ripple in ripple counter refers to the fact that the carry ripples from one flipflop to the next, instead of being pre-calculated by logic so that all the flipflops in the counter change state synchronously. Thus the bits in a ripple counter change state asynchronously with the most significant bits changing last. This can produce race conditions and instabilities in logic circuits that are driven by these counters.

A BJT is one type of transistor and POWER TRANSISTOR can be BJT or MOSFET or some other phenomena.POWER TRANSISTOR are usually those who are used at high current ratings e.g at POWER AMPLIFIER where large transistors are used at final stage to gain output.

The following are all common digital electronic logic gate types:

AND

OR

NAND

NOR

XOR

NOT

There 'truth tables' and therefore their corresponding functions can be found on wikipedia under articles entitled with their respective names.

NAND is a very common gate in commercial digital electronics as all other gates can be imitated by connected the correct number of NAND gates in the correct way. These can then be placed on one IC (Integrated Circuit) chip which reduces cost massively.

Resistivity is the resistance, in ohms, between the opposite faces of a 1-metre-cube of a material.

For metals, resistivity is in the region of 0.0000001 ohm-metre. For semiconductors, it is much higher - it is in the region of 0.01 ohm-metres.

Printed circuit board prototypes can be made from different materials depending on which person created the prototype. One example on Pic Projects describes a prototype made from photo resist boards, art film, UV light boxes, and other materials.

There aren't pixels as such. the face of the CRT is coated with phosphors that light up when electrons strike them. The equivalent pixels would be a function of beam size.

Moving on to later color CRTs, there was a mask overlay to force a pixel effect and isolate the RGB beams to one 'pixel' area.

Pixels don't become real until you have a true digital display when there are in fact individual pixels to light up.

The biggest disadvantages with oscillators are that they have to be stabilized with control heaters. If the oscillator is operated in a non temperature controlled environment it will drift off frequency and it is not good policy to transmit over a wider that necessary bandwidth. The frequency on either side of the offending transmitter will be affected.

current flows as a result of potential difference i.e. in a circuit if there is no voltage difference between two points, no current can flow between those two points. So voltage has to be produced first.