Electronics Engineering

Yes

Your original question was in two parts:
1.) How many ohms in an open circuit? Infinite ohms (the meter will show no measurement).
2.) How many ohms in a short circuit? 0 ohms. There would be no measurable ohms as there would be no resistance in the altered circuit.

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This depends on the duty of the square wave - if it is 50%, then it will be 1/2 the peak. If it is 33.3%, then it will be 1/3 the peak.

The big difference is inputs and outputs. Digital ICs expect high/low true/false inputs and outputs. Analog ICs take any inputs, and produce outputs of any level. For example, an audio amplifier is an analog IC. It takes an analog input (sound), and produces an analog output (louder sound). A ripple counter is an example of a digital IC. It takes a digital input (clock pulses), and produces a number of digital outputs (the digital outputs of the flip flops, collectively representing a number in binary).

effect of temperature on zener & avalanche breakdown

http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_1/chpt_16/2.html

just read it once every thing will b clrd in your mind

Different methods for different circuits. In a simple RC filter with a series R and shunt C, the time-constant T is equal to RC. The cutoff frequency is given by 1/(2.pi.T).

So with 1 k-ohm and 0.1 uF the time-constant is 1000 x 1E-7 or 100 microseconds, so the cutoff frequency is 10,000/2pi which is 1592 Hz.

As an example imagine a 60 W light bulb running off 120 V. The current will be 1/2 A. Now assume that you put a second 60 W bulb in series with the first. Now the resistance of the single 60 W bulb is 240 Ohms. The 1/2 A flowing through the bulb heats up the filament wire and causes an amount of light to be emitted. Resistance in series adds, so the total resistance for two of the bulbs in series is 480 Ohms and by Ohms law V = I x R, the current through each bulb will be 1/4 amp and hence the bulbs will be less bright.

it have 40 pins 1st one is ground

and last one is Vcc. Itplh = 450

it indicates that the pigments were adsorbed strongly

The oscillator which is blocked by using transformer is called a blocking oscillator. Generally, the primary is given to the base and secondary is given to the collector of the transistor used in the oscillator circuit.

An autorecloser is a circuit breaker equipped with a mechanism that can automatically close the breaker after it has been opened due to a fault.

They are used in coordinated protection schemes for overhead line power distribution circuits. These circuits are prone to transitory faults such as nearby lightning strikes, wind-borne debris, squirrels climbing insulators, and the like. With a conventional circuit breaker or fuse, a transient fault would open the breaker or blow the fuse, disabling the line until a technician could manually reclose the circuit breaker or replace the blown fuse. But an autorecloser will make several pre-programmed attempts to re-energize the line. If the transient fault has cleared, the autorecloser's circuit breaker will remain closed and normal operation of the power line will resume. If the fault is some sort of a permanent fault (downed wires, tree branches lying on the wires, etc.) the autorecloser will exhaust its pre-programmed attempts to re-energize the line and remain tripped off until manually commanded to try again.

Autoreclosers are made in single-phase and three-phase versions, and use either oil or vacuum interrupters. Controls for the reclosers range from the original electromechanical systems to digital electronics with metering and SCADA functions. The ratings of reclosers run from 40 amperes at 2400 volts up to 1200 amperes at 35000 volts.

A circuit works through a series of components mainly resistors, capacitors, and IC's. There are different types of IC's the main groups are AND, OR, NOR, & NAND. Those are just the basics you first learn about when dealing with electronics. These IC's work from what we call the binary code which is just a bunch of 1's and 0's. 1 is a logical high which gives you a positive voltage and 0 is a logical low which gives you no voltage. Lets say you have an and gate hooked up to a 150ohm resistor(it's used for voltage protection of your component)connected to a simple LED. In order to get this LED to have a logical high both inputs A and B have to get a high in order for your output to be high which in return allows voltage to pass through the resistor to your LED this powering your light emmitting diode. i hope this helped.
A circuit is just that a circuit of something. In electricity, it is the flow of electricity from the power source, through the wires, and back to the power source. You flip a switch, the power flows to the device, and continues back completing the circuit.

A Class-D Amplifier is an electronic device that takes energy from a power supply and uses it to increase the power of a signal. CD Amplifiers can be found in common electronics such as home theater systems, mobile phones, and subwoofers. Their advantages include high efficiency and reduced size and cost.

there are two diodes there but to use them as rectifiers never

In the sense that TVs must radiate photons in at least the visible light spectrum for you to even see what's on the screen, yes, they're radioactive. However, very, very little of this radiation is ionizing radiation (x-rays, gamma rays, beta rays, etc.), and thus is completely harmless to you. The dust collected on the TV's screen because of its static electrical field does have slight amounts of ionizing radiation though, because some of that dust is the naturally produced, radioactive isotope, 222Rn, that's always floating around in the background. Also, if your TV is very old, its X-ray shielding could be compromised, and thus could give you a very small, pretty-much harmless dose of X-ray radiation if you were sitting less than two inches from the screen.

In FSK the output frequency is dependent on the input bit stream. Here 2 (for Binary FSK) different carrier frequencies are used and they are switched according to input bit stream. When input is at logic1 output is freq. f1 and when input at logic0 output is freq. f2, where f1 and f2 are different.

A farad is a unit of measure of capacitance. A capacitor of C farads charged up to V volts has charge of Q = CV (measured in coulombs). But this is still not power. If the capacitor is then completely discharged in say two seconds half of the power is provided than if it is discharged twice as fast (in one second). This is current. That is I = C dV/dT (amperes). dV or delta V = V if it is completely discharged. dV = 0.7*V if it is discharged to 0.3*V for example. Power is the current multiplied by the voltage (watts). So if the capacitor is completely discharged in T amount of time the power delivered is P = C * V * V / T. Or if the capacitor is charged up from zero charge to V volts in time T then the formula above is the P consumed to charge up the capacitor of C farads. You can think of capacitance as volume as in liters, cubic centimeters, or gallons. Using this analogy current would be flow rate such as gallons per minute, cc's per minute, or liters per second. I am not positive on this but I think voltage in this analogy could be thought of as pressure such as psi or bars. So power would be something like gpm * psi. In this analogy you are asking how do you convert gallons to a usable unit of power.

There are four main categories of computers namely super computer, mainframe, minicomputer and microcomputer. The have similar functions only that their performance levels vary with the super computer being the most powerful one.

zero

It depends on the air capacitor -basically how far apart its plates are. Its voltage rating will normally be printed somewhere on the capacitor, and is usually expressed as a d.c. voltage which means that an a.c. voltage applied to it must be reduced so that its peak value (as opposed to its r.m.s. voltage) is no greater than the d.c. voltage rating (in fact, because of variations in supply voltage, a factor of safety should also be built in when using a.c.).