Electronics Engineering

Schematic or Circuit Diagram.

Ohm ( Ω ).

Attenuation referees to the loss of signal, there are many factors that can cause this such as length of transmission, interference ect. It is simpler to think of it when using a media, let's talk about optics. Optics is the transmission of light, over a set length the light begins to fade resulting in attenuation. Similarly the light can be absorbed by the cable itself, resulting in further attenuation

8 flip flops. a counter composed of n- flip flop and any counter will count from 0 to 2^n - 1. i.e 2^8 - 1=256 - 1 = 255

You can't characterize a circuit type in this way. In a digital circuit a ribbon cable with parallel wires usually indicates a parallel connection as opposed to a serial connection or interface.

A final subcircuit is the circuit which the number of points supplied do not exceed 15A

I first asked the question. I was told by an electrical engineer that the appliances would breakdown after between 1 day and 2 weeks use and he advised me to sell and buy new appliances in the Philippines. I was not able to obtain a reasonable price for selling second hand appliances and also found that appliances in the Philippines were very expensive compared to Malaysia. I was also told in the Philippines that the appliances would work satisfactorily . So I installed all the appliances and after 3 months they work OK except the clock which gains about 3 hours per day.My appliances include 2 refridgerators. 2 wine coolers, freezer.4 TV's,washing machine ,dryer,dishwasher,computer,fax ,etc. David dlw@tm.net.my

its costly than open loop system and bulky, too.

(R1 x R2) / (R1 + R2) for 2 load parallel circuits, soo... 133.3 repeating Ohms.

Weather - Electrical storms can increase the ESD risk; unless absolutely necessary, try not to work on a computer during an electrical storm.

Accessories - To help reduce ESD and help prevent other problem, it is also a good idea to remove all jewelry.

Zero Potential - Most importantly, make sure you and the computer are at Zero Potential by continuously touching an un-painted metal surface of the chassis or the computer power supply case.

Clothes - Make sure not to wear any clothing that conducts a lot of Electrical Charge, such as a wool sweater.

In the US, I would recommend MIT, Carnegie Mellon, California Poly Tech (CalTech), Rochester Institute of Technology, although its ALL WHAT YOU MAKE OF IT, and how much effort you put into your studies. A degree from an accredited State University will give you a lot of Bang for Your Buck.

to protect a circuit from damaging

A: It realy does not matter half or full wave. the PIV will be 1.41 the RMS input example 100v ac will have a requirement of PIV of 141 volts on the rectifiers.

Properties of an op-amp are as follows:

1.Very high open loop gain which remains constant over the frequency range in which the device is to be used.

2.Very high input impedance to minimize the current drawn by the circuit with little losses.

3.Very low output impedance

4. They are stable, i.e. not liable to burst into parasitic oscillation.

5. They are free from drift caused by ambient temperature changes.

Voltage is a defined as a difference in potential. So to measure voltage, you need to look at the difference in potential between two different nodes in a circuit. For example, to know the voltage of a capacitor, you are looking at the difference in potential from one terminal of the capacitor to the other. Even if it is installed in a circuit. It is for this reason, that the measurement is across the circuit, or in parallel with it. One common point of confusion in voltage measurement is the way it is presented. Someone will say, that wire is at 5 volts. The "with reference to" part is often left off. We can say this because most circuits have a direct or implied ground, that all other voltages are referenced to. So the correct thing to say would be "that wire is at 5 volts to ground."

A laptop today in mid-2015 typically has about 200 billion transistors in it - this includes the TFT LCD screen, CPU, RAM (memory) and many ASIC and controller chips. To put this in perspective, if today's laptop were made with the 1950s ENIAC vacuum tube ('valve') technology, it would require a space of more than 8.8 billion square feet (94,280 feet on a side. That's 17.8 miles on a side - or 28.5 km per side). This could not be done. A 17 x 17 mile square electronic device built using vacuum tube technology would require more electrical power than all the electrical power plants in the United States could produce, to run it.

This estimate is based on the fact that the ENIAC computer had about 18,000 vacuum tubes and required 800 square feet of floor space.

Now one can see why we are truly living in a paradigm shift; why there's now serious talk about transhumanism and enhanced, immortal man-machine hybrid beings.

(The United States is used as an example because that is where the ENIAC computer was designed, built and operated.)

decrease to half of its original value

DB-25

D-Sub-9 or D-Sub-25

To power a kettle, you typically need a power inverter that can handle at least 1000 watts, as most electric kettles require between 800 to 1500 watts to operate efficiently. It's important to choose a pure sine wave inverter for sensitive electronics and to ensure it has a surge capacity to handle the initial power spike when the kettle is turned on. Always check the kettle's wattage rating before making a final decision on the inverter.

to increase the turn of the coil

ANSWER: Nobody can increase the current of a coil it actually losses power because of IR drop. from the source to the final output will always be less unless the current is amplified by an active device like a current amplifier where the power is from another source.

6

Not usually, unless you mean a LED. It depends of the kind of diodes. LEDs will emit light but not most regular diodes, though some may produce infrared light.

In the case of LEDs, the answer is yes. When an electron crosses the PN junction and falls into a hole, it emits a photon. The frequency depends on the energy, which is determined by the forward bias voltage. That is why a red LED requires more voltage than an IR LED, and less than a green LED.

So a regular diode with a forward drop of about 0.7V is emitting infrared (IR) light. However, most of the photons are reabsorbed in the semiconductor body or stopped by an opaque case. An LED is a special diode doped for a higher voltage and constructed to let as many of the photons out as possible, set in a reflector and usually with a lens cast into the plastic case.

There are a few glass-cased diodes which emit a deep red light, that I observed in a few audio amps. They drop more than the typical silicon diode's 0.7V. But overall, you typically cannot see the light emitted in a rectifier diode due to the absorption of the case and the semiconductor itself, and the fact that it is usually infrared.

You might try some experiments yourself by removing the IR blocking filter that is normally installed in webcams, or find an IR sensitive security camera. All CCDs (the light sensing element in a video camera, digital camera, or webcam) are sensitive to infrared, but most have had a filter added to block IR so as not to spoil your photos. Then get some glass cased silicon diodes, point contact will have more viewing space, and a 9V battery and a 220 ohm resistor to put in series to limit the current. This will give you about 36mA through the diode.

Then point the camera at it and turn out the lights or put it in a light-tight box and look for a glow from the diode.