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Electronics Engineering
Electronics Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with practical applications of electronic components, devices, systems, or equipment. Electronics are devices that operate on low voltage sources, as in electron tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and printed circuit boards and use electricity as part of its driving force.
24,372 Questions
Well, to the best I can understand (I'm just learning this stuff, so sorry if I'm wrong) It would be a n-type if you doped the Ga, (i.e. replace a Ga atom with a Si atom, as the Si has an extra electron that would be forced to go to the conduction band. If you doped the As with the Si, it would be a p-type as there would be one fewer electron than normal.
What does an emitter resistor do?
The emitter of a bipolar transistor (junction or point contact type) emits charge carriers(electrons in an NPN, holes in a PNP) through the base towards the collector.
Why is a tank filled with water a good conductor?
Pure water is NOT a good conductor because it has very few ions in it. However if you add a little salt to the water it does become a good conductor as the salt provides the ions required to conduct electricity.
How light emitting diode is used in remote control?
In ordinary remote controls for devices such as televisions & DVD players, infra red light is used (naked to the human eye).
What is the total power in a circuit with a current of 4 A and a resistance of 12 ohms?
In DC circuits, V = I / R, and P = V*I
You can use these to get P = I^2 * R = (4)^2 * 12 = 192 watts.
Does a variable resistor have a bias?
A variable resistor means that the resistance can be varied, usually by using a slide. A fixed resistor can not be varied.
Does a capacitor reduce electricity?
Absolutely not, if you are a residential consumer. Capacitors, when used for power-factor correction, reduce the supply current but NOT the amount of energy consumed and you pay for energy, NOT current! Energy meters measure the supply voltage and the in-phase (resistive) component of the supply current, so power-factor correction is irrelevant to residential metering. The video referred to in the original answer shows current being reduced but, as explained, this has absolutely no relevance to your electricity bill. In fact, the video is complete and utter nonsense! Capacitors used in this way are a complete scam.
Power-factor correct ONLY applies to large commercial and industrial consumers because they are penalised for unnecessarily-low power factors because the resulting unnecessarily-high currents require the utility companies to install larger transformers, switchgear, and cables.
Another Answer
Yes, if you are a big customer and you are paying a premium on your power charges through having a poor power factor on the site. Otherwise a capacitor does not reduce the kWh consumption of your appliances, but it might reduce the current you draw, but your meter measures energy used and not the current. For a domestic customer power factor correction will almost certainly notreduce your charges.
Can a circuit be a combination of series connections and parallel conections?
Yes. There are also more complicated circuits, that can't be described ONLY as a combination of series and parallel circuits - basically, circuits that contain several loops.
Is electrical power measured in coulombs?
Yes, it can be measured. Coulombs is a measure of charge. 1 ampere second = 1 coulomb. With DC current you simply multiply your current by time applied. For alternating current you would need to integrate, Although if all you have are data points, (which is more likely) you would probably use Simpson's Rule to approximate the amount of charge. Keep in mind that Coulombs is a scalar quantity (an amount) and Ampere's is a vector quantity. so Ampere has a magnitude and direction.
The other way you can measure Coulombs is to count electrons. take the number of electrons and divide by 6.24e18 (the approximate number of electrons to make a coulomb). But I'm unsure on how to count individual electrons.
~Hipcat
What are disadvantages of a smoke signal?
Walkie talkies are not a subsitute for cell phones. They are meant for broadcast mode (talking in a group mode) . Typically used in construction, security, schools and colleges, outdoor catering, airlines, tea and coffee estates, golf courses, resorts, event management and sports.
they can go out of range and have a small number of channels that they can communicate to each other on. The biggest limitation of Walkie Talkies, besides being low power (not good for more than 2 - 3 city blocks) is 1) Only one person can talk at a time, and 2) Everyone else with a Walkie Talkie can hear what you are saying to your friend if they are within 2 - 3 city blocks of your house.
Why does a midi system have a wide range of Frequency?
The MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) system does not care about the range of frequency of the actual instrument it is playing. It is an event oriented system, much like a player piano, not like a tape recorder, so what is recorded are key down and key up (and other) events, rather than musical waveform events.
What is the connection between the bandwidth of a signal and the data rate that it represents?
The data rate (C) is equal to the bandwidth (B) times the logarithm base 2 of 1 plus the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) (how much interference is introduced in the transmission of data)
C = B x log2(1 + S/N)
So your data rate is directly proportional to your bandwidth. If you increase your bandwidth, your data rate will also increase provided the signal-to-noise ratio isn't affected.
What is a nonlinear electrical load?
It must mean a load that is not constant, or does not follow a straight line relation with some other parameter. For example air resistance- the drag on a vehicle increases as the square of the speed, so the load on the motor increases at a similar rate ( or at least that part of the motor load used to overcome air resistance)
Effects of moisture on electricity?
In foods, this indicates the percentage of water in the total weight of the food. This exceeds the dry weight, and is a portion of the water used in processing.
In lumber, this indicates the remaining water after drying of the wood. Kiln-dried lumber will normally have a lower moisture content than air-dried.
Why is splicing of optical fibers done?
Splicing of optical fiber cable is done to extend a cable, making it longer, or to repair a break in it. Splicing is preferred over installation of connectors, because the connectors introduce losses and degrade reliability. Some connectors are necessary, but those are placed in a protected environment, and their use is minimized. Besides, a typical cable, with 56 or more strands, would require 56 or more connectors, and that would create a large lump in the cable.
How do you draw timing diagram for 8085 microprocessor CMP instruction?
how to draw timing diagram?discuss the various steps
You first need to understand the machine cycles of 8085
The status signals are as follows
IO/M(bar) :--- 1 IO 0 Memory
S1 | S0 | Process
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0 | 0 | Halt
0 | 1 | Write
1 | 0 | Read
1 | 1 | Opcode fetch
1)Opcode fetch ( Compulsory Machine cycle)
This cycle requires 4 T-states.
1st T state ALE is high and lower byte of address from PC(Program Counter) is placed on the multiplexed data/address bus.
In the second T-state, after checking the status of READY pin, RD(bar) goes low the opcode is placed on the data bus, This state continues in the 3rd T-State.
The fourth T-state is used by the uP to decode the instruction and to generate the relevant control signals. The state of the address bus is unspecified( This T-state is used by some DMA controllers to transfer data in hidden/transperant mode)
IO/M_ = 0 S1=1 S0=1
2)Memory read(for 1 byte)
Three T states, similar to the first 3 T states of opcode fetch( as first 3 states of opcode fetch is effectively memory read)
IO/M_ 0 S1 = 1 S0 = 0
3) Memory Write(for 1 byte)
Similar to Write but instead of RD bar WR bar is used. Also the data stays on the bus a little longer than READ*.
IO/M_ 0 S1 = 0 S0 = 1
4) & 5) IO write and read
Simlar to the above two, only IO/M_ = 1
These are the basic machine cycles you will require to draw timing diagrams for most instructions. There are additional cycles such as INTA bar and Bus idle. If anyone requires diagrams for these cycles, message me and i will explain them later.
Also some instructions like CALL require 6 T-state Opcode fetch. For this you can draw the 4 T state Opcode fetch but 4th T state extended to the fifth and sixth T state.
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Now, to draw the timing diagram for any instruction you need to understand what exactly the instruction does. I will explain a few. If you need a specific instruction, msg me.
A) MOV A,B
Draw only opcode fetch as no further memory acces is required as operands specified in registers only
B) MVI A,32H
Draw opcode fetch and memory read as operand(1 byte) has to be fetched from memory
C) LXI H, 2000H
Draw Opcode Fetch and two memory Reads as two bytes, 00H and 20H, (lower byte fetched first) have to be read from memory.
D) STA 2000H
This instruction stores the value of accumulator(8 bit) at the location specified.
Opcode fetch + Memory read * 2 (byte address) + Memory write * 1(1 byte)
i.e 13 T-states 4+3+3+3
During the memory write the address bus contains the address fetched by the memory read cycle earlier
E) CALL addresss(can be specifed in terms of a label)
During a call instruction the uP pushes the current value of program counter(16 bit ie 2 byte) to the stack and then copies the new value from the memory(specified in the instruction)
6 T state Opcode fetch
+ Memory write * 2 (PC pushed to stack)
+ Memory read * 2 (New value of PC fetched from memory)
ie 6 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 18 T-states
Note that during the memory write cycle the address bus contains the address of the top of the stack(Stack Pointer)
F)JMP 16-bit address
3 Cycles as Follows
4 T-State Opcode Fetch
+ 2 * Memory Read ( 16 bit = 2 bytes)
ie 4 + 3 + 3 = 10 T-states.
Note that separate cycle is not required for loading the address into the PC as PC is a register.
That is the resistance, measured in ohms.
What is the difference between a permanent magnet and a temporary magnet?
Temporary magnet: good example is an electromagnet. It maintains magnetic attraction only so long as an electric current surrounds it. Permanent magnet: most common. Example: bar magnet. Will maintain magnetic properties for quite a while, although they can be eventually demagnetized.
What is sampling thearm cocerning the rate of sampling required for analog signal?
It states that for satisfactory representation of the sampled signal the sampling frequency must be atleast equal to twice the highest input freq, which is called nyquist sampling. If its less than twice, undersamplin occurs resulting in distortion.
How does us standard 208-120 AC voltage differ from standard European 415-240 AC voltage?
Generally 220v anything works easier or with less effort so can be cheaper to run. Appliances that run off 240V draw less current than 120V appliances so lighter wiring and fixtures can be used. However, 240V is more prone to arcing than 120V. Also, 240V is more likely to blow you away than 120V, whereas 120V is more likely to "grab" (Cause your muscles to involuntarily contract, i.e. making your hand grab a conductor) you. Also the US uses 120V because Edison originally used 100V. It was upped over the years to cope with demand. The US also has 240V in residential service for large appliances like ovens and dryers.
What possible damage can analog meter suffer if the polarity connections are reversed?
It shows reverse readings
How much voltage does a window ac use?
The quantity you're looking for is current, measured in amps. Electrical appliances are generally rated by power (P, in watts) which is related to voltage (V, in volts) and current (I, in amps) by Joule's law:
P=V*I
So to calculate current, I=P/V, you need to know V and P. Voltage is 120 V in the US and 230 V in Europe/UK, and you'll have to look up the AC unit's power from it's label.
Why meter ampere was connected in series and voltmeter was connected in parallel in a circuit?
An ammeter is used to measure the current through a circuit and thus it must be in series with that load. Also, it's resistance is so low that it cannot be connected in parallel since it will result in a short circuit.
A Voltmeter is intended to measure the voltage across a circuit and thus it must be connected in parallel. It has a very high resistance such that connecting it in series with a circuit will lender the circuit useless or inoperative.
It is the thing that lights up when power is switched on.
