Electronics Engineering

The remaining bulb will be brighter than it was when both bulbs were working - due to the increased voltage.

That should work fine...matching is not critical. However if you want to be "pure", you could:

1...Insert a 2 ohm resistor in series, but that reduces damping and you may get coil resonances.

2...Install a 2 ohm to 4 ohm transformer. Hard to find and expensive.

3...Install two speakers in series, remembering to phase them correctly.

Michael Faraday did not invent or discover electromagnetism. After Hans Christian Oersted discovered it he simply studied it more.

"Edison failed 10, 000 times before he made the electriclight. Do not be discouraged if you fail a few times."

technology make life easior

Wire, bearings, rotor and stator.

Its A Candelabra base bulb :-)

However, one can find "medium" sized base bulbs marked "Type B."

There is one out of six chances that you will feel a current draw.

I don't know, but i do know you need a massive @ss transformer!

It prevents the voltage spike that occurs when the magnetic lines of force cut across the solenoid windings when someone shuts the power off the solenoid. It is called inverse voltage and on a 12 volt coil, when you turn it off, the collapsing magnetic field can generate an inverse voltage of 200 volts or more for a split second. This is why sometimes you can get a "poke" out of a 12 volt system. It is the inverse voltage spike that causes a momentary shock to your fingers or body. (this momentary voltage is not harmful to a human). when a coil has a charge cause by applying DC and suddenly disconnected this charge will manifest as a voltage of opposite polarity across the coil the diode will clamp this charge to .6-.7 v removing reverse breakdown voltage present

Without writing a book, the tank circuit (tank) is what is called a tuned circuit. The basic tank circuit has an inductive component (a coil) and a capacitive component (a cap). There are a couple of concepts that you need to get a handle on. A tank has a given "resonance" based on the net inductance and capacitance. It has one frequency that it really likes to run at. That's the resonant frequency (fo). The tank is tuned for that fo. A signal at that frequency that is put into the stage that has a tank filter will cause the tank to "ring" electronically. The signal oscillates in the tank, and, because it's the fo for that tank, some maximum amplitude (gain) will be attained. The signal is then coupled out. Other signals of a slightly different frequency will cause the tank to ring, but not as much. As a signal is put into the stage that is a bit higher or lower than the fo, it causes less oscillation, and it emerges at a lower amplitude. Notice that this applies to signals that are a bit above or a bit lower than the fo. The farther from the fo that a given signal is, the less oscillation it produces in the tank, and the less gain it will be given in that stage. Again (and it's worth repeating), signals both above and below the fo a given distance produce the same oscillation in the tank. That means the tank responds to both sides of the spectrum above and below the fo. Lastly, the tank can be "sharply tuned" or not. In a sharply tuned tank, the signals that are farther from fo cause little tank action, and those right around fo really get a lot of gain. In something less sharpely tuned, there is still a good bit of gain for frequencies higher or lower than the fo. We spoke of the tuning of the tank for a particular fo. Now we have to tune the tank for what is called quality (Q). This speaks to how "tightly" the tank is tuned. And we have to make a trade. If we want a lot gain at fo and little else, high Q is the way to go. There will be a ton of gain at fo, and the gain for frequencies above and below will drop like a rock. In a less tightly tuned tank, there will be better gain for the frequencies around fo, but not as great a gain for the fo itself as there would be in a high Q tank. That's the trade. Narrow tuning yields greater gain for the fo and lower "bandpass" while broader tuning will pass "more frequencies" (have a higher band pass) but with lower gain at and right around the fo than a high Q tank.

"RMU Type VRN2a" is a Lucy Switchgear 12kv(15kv) Sabre type, Ring Main Unit

1. Draw the circuit:

A single voltage source in series with Resistance Rs (source resistance) and Rl (load resistance)

2. Using Ohm's law, you know V / R = I, so:

V / (Rs + 4) = 1.5 and V / (Rs + 9) = .75

Solve for Rs: Rs = 1.0 ohms.

Then solve for V: V = 1.5(Rs) + 6 = 7.5 volts

3. Determine the voltage of each cell (assuming they are equivelant voltages):

7.5/5 = 1.5 volts

A class AB amplifier of the complementary transistor type has two transistors in series. Both transistors can change the resistance. If the upper transistor, a npn type, has minimum resistance and the lower transistor, a pnp type, has maximum resistance, the output voltage is near the supply voltage. One transistor is totally open and has zero current, the other transistor is totally closed and has zero voltage. Working together both transistors can set the output to any voltage between 0 and supply voltage. The class AB efficiency maximum is 100% minus the bias-power, see for example D. M. Snider, "A Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Confirmation of the Optimally Loaded and Overdriven RF Power Amplifier", 1966. Today the overdriven class AB amps are called class D.

The saying "at what current is transistor biased" means to ask the current through the transistor when there is no signal present. Typically, a transistor is biased at the center of its linear region, so as to minimize distortion. This, of course, depends on whether or not the transistor is AC or DC coupled, and where the clipping points might be.

The actual answer is 360 degrees, that is, a class B amplifier will conduct for the entire 360 degrees of an input sine wave. However, the interesting part is how this is accomplished.

For a "pure" class B amplifier, each of the two output power devices will conduct for 180 degrees of the total 360 degrees of a complete sine wave. This is because in a class B amplifier, each of the output devices is biased so that it is off when the input signal is zero. When the input signal goes positive, one of the output devices will conduct. Assuming there is no overall phase inversion in the amplifier, this would be the "upper" device that is connected to the positive voltage rail. In a typical solid state audio power amplifier, this device is usually an NPN transistor or power MOSFET.

The "lower" device, typically connected to the negative voltage rail, will conduct when the input signal goes negative. This device will typically be a PNP transistor in a solid state amplifier, or a power MOSFET.

There are many possible configurations for class B amplifiers. For example, with vacuum tube amps, there is usually only a positive voltage supplied to the output stage, and the two output tubes are identical types. Instead of connecting the lower tube to a negative rail, it is usually connected to ground, but since we are interested in AC amplification, and also since an output transformer is required to couple tube output stages to low impedance loads such as loudspeakers, this doesn't present a problem. The output transformer will have a center tap where the positive output stage voltage is connected, and each of the output tubes will conduct in alternating fashion, similarly to the output of a solid state amp.

In fact, early solid state audio amps also used output transformers, and they typically also used two NPN transistors for output devices, in contrast to modern designs that use symmetrical matched pairs of NPN/PNP. At that time it was difficult to obtain high power matched pairs, whereas high power NPNs were relatively easy to obtain.

A variation that is often used to obtain more power is the doubling of output devices by operating them in parallel to obtain higher current gain. It is possible to see six, eight, or even more devices operating in this way, but it will almost always be in multiples of two.

Nevertheless, no matter what the variations, a class B amplifier will always conduct for 360 degrees of an input sine wave. There is an important qualification on this, however. A true class B amplifier is almost never seen, due to a problem called "crossover distortion." This occurs because any output device has a nonlinear region during turn-on from zero conduction. While the input signal is beginning to go positive, for example, the output device will not "follow" the input signal in a proportional manner. To overcome the distortion caused by this, most audio amps are operated in class AB, where each of the output devices is biased slightly on all the time. This technique virtually eliminates crossover distortion.

If you are referring to using a volt meter then you will just get a negative reading on most modern digital meters. If you are using an old analogue meter you may get no reading.

The easiest way to control any electric current to any device is with the inline use of either a manual or electric reistate.

A: Maybe because the country is flat. Must have some kind water pressure or velocity to get hydro working

The effect of an RL circuit in half wave rectifier is that the voltage output wave forms for current and voltage will be modified .

There was a 440 Volt Rating. Voltage ratings of the past gave way to higher levels to allow larger power dissipation from the same wire size. In home use 110 Volts gave way to 115 Volts and that gave way to the 120 Volts of current use. Higher voltages also increased in turn as 110V associated with 220 and 440 Volts, became 115V associated with 230 and 460 Volts, and today we have 120V associated with 240 and 480 Volts.

lf all resistors are in parallel, yes. If they are in series, not necessarily - this depends on the resistor values (if they are all the same, then yes, if not no).

The Anode (+) is what you connect the positive voltage to

The Cathode (-) is what you connect the negative voltage to.