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Food Science
Food Science is a multi-disciplinary field involving chemistry, biochemistry, nutrition, microbiology and even engineering of a biological nature. It integrates broad-based knowledge and focuses it on food. Quality, safety, and nutrition questions are just some of the areas dealt with in this category.
1,441 Questions
Why do bananas turn brown when they get bruised?
It is due to a defense mechanism in the fruit, which is activated when the fruit is cut from the tree.
There are three main factors involved in the ripening and browning process, they are: enzymes, oxygen and phenols. Enzymes are protein-like substances that speed up or initiate chemical reactions. Phenols are defensive mechanisms the plant uses to fend off insects and microbes. The specific enzyme is called polyphenoloxidase. When the banana is attacked, the phenols are activated in the presence of oxygen by this enzyme. In this process the brown color is produced as a side effect. The first time the banana is attacked is when it is cut from the tree. Exposure to cold air, certain gases, and physical damage of the fruit will hasten the process.
Why is permitting food irradiation bad?
Disadvantages of Food Irradiation:
· It reduces the content of several key nutrients such as Vitamin E (~15-30 %); Thiamin (~10-25%); Vitamin C (5-15%); Riboflavin (~7-10%); Pyridoxine (~10-20%); Vitamin B12 (~15-20%). Other nutrients are also affected however the results are less consistent.
· It creates radiolytic products with unknown short term or long term safety effects.
· Some of the organoleptic properties are affected especially for herbs, spices, essential oils.
· Formation of cholesterol oxides and fatty acid epoxidation and other oxidation products (aldehydes, esters, ketones etc.) posing safety concerns.
· Aggregation of certain proteins has been found for high protein commodities.
· The method is 90-95%% effective in killing microorganisms. The remaining 5-10% remain unaffected and may proliferate thus negating the irradiation steps. The methods can result in 95-100% effectiveness but will substantially affect the quality of the food item (taste, nutrient contents, radiolytic products,denaturing proteins, fatty acids etc.).
· Is ineffective against viruses.
What should the mass of the liquid butter be once it is melted?
Yes because the butter can be drunk.
Melted butter is a liquid simply because it has exceeded its melting point. It become solid again when it cools to the temperature below its melting point.
What makes ice cubes stick in the tray so they won't come out?
Two things:
Water expands as it freezes which applies force to the inside of the ice cube tray, holding it in place.
Most ice trays are plastic and semi-porus. Some of the water molecules find their way into these small pores and when they freeze, joining to the rest of the cube, it acts kind of like molecular velcro.
What scale is used to indicate whether something is acid or alkaline?
The pH scale is the widely used universal scale, (which measures the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions) to measure the acidity or alkalinity of chemical solutions. It should be mentioned that the pH value is dependent on the temperature.
What is the putrefaction of food?
Putrefying bacteria is the term used to describe bacteria involved in putrefaction of living matter. Putrefying bacteria turn nitrogen proteins into ammonium compounds. Nitrifying bacteria turn the ammonium compounds into nitrates
Putrefaction is the decomposition of animal proteins, especially by anaerobic microorganisms, described as putrefying bacteria. Decomposition is a more general process. Putrefaction usually results in amines such as putrescine and cadaverine, which have a putrid odor. Material that is subject to putrefaction is called putrescible.
What sugar might be present in a sweet tasting food that tests negative with the Benedicts reagent?
Sucrose. Sucrose is a disaccharide therefore does not have free electrons in the sugar to react with the Benedict reagent. Glucose has free electrons therefore shows positive with the Benedict reagent.
Do you digest a tomato skin or does it stay in your body?
The skin of a tomato contains fiber, which is not fully absorbed by the body. Fiber passes through the digestive system mostly intact and aids in digestion and bowel movements. It adds bulk to the stool and can help prevent constipation.
thermosonication belong to alternative, non-thermal food processing
methods
Trans fats are unsaturated fats that have had hydrogen atoms forcefully added to them. This makes them then "saturated" with hydrogen. However this causes them to have an irregular shape, so the body doesn't know how to metabolize them (this is better illustrated than explained verbally). They can become incorporated into membranes and tissues in the body where other more natural fats are supposed to be. Trans fats are very dangerous and cause heart disease.
Now that people know that trans fats are unhealthy, food companies have decided to brag about their product being "trans fat free" so that people will think they are healthy. However this is often deceptive marketing, as these companies are allowed to tout "0 grams of trans fat per serving" on a product even if they have 0.5 g of trans fat per serving or less. Many companies just make the serving size ridiculously small so that they can put "trans fat free" on the label. If you look in the ingredients list and see anything that says "hydrogenated" then you know that there are actually trans fats in the food. It is sneaky.
This is besides the fact that just because a food is trans fat free, doesn't mean it's healthy. Simply the absence of harmful substances doesn't make a food nutritious. Nearly all trans-fat is artificially produced and added to foods (aside from some miniscule portions in some dairy products). Consuming a product just because it is trans-fat free is akin to wolfing down bon-bons because there's "no arsenic added"! Many foods are still packed with sugar, salt and high-saturated fat oils, hardly healthy ingredients. ---- My answer Like that person said before me. I can tell that person that posted before me is really smart on that subject. But anyways, yeah, your body can not use trans fat so it is useless to your body. That is why the labels say no trans fat to get you to buy their product.. I'm pretty sure if you eat too much of it though, then you have a higher risk of heart disease.
What physical effect does fat have to the human body?
The physical effect of fat to the human body is to slow down the heat loss or accelerate the heat loss relative to the surrounding in order to maintain a body temperature of 370 centigrade. Also it provides cushion effect with less Impulse which is equal to mass x acceleration and of course a well fed look with roundish contour sometimes adding to the curves and beauty.
How is the recommended daily intake for essential oil determined?
There is no Recommended Daily Intake for fats and oils generally. However there is adequate intake for the essential oils.
As a case in point, Linoleic acid which is the only essential n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid has an adequate intake determined by the median intake in the United States (where its deficiency is non-existent in healthy individuals). that level is 17 grams daily for healthy males and 12 grams daily for healthy females.
Deferentiate between surface and submerged fermentation?
Surface fermentation refers to those fermentations in which the microorganisms utilised grows on the surface of the fermentation media.Examples being citric acid surface fermentation process wherein the microorganism aspergillus Niger grows as a thick floating mycelial mat over the surface of the media used.
Submerged fermentation refers to those fermentations wherein microorganisms employed grows in submerged state within the fermentation media.many fermentations fall in this category like penicillin submerged fermentation technique.
How does sunlight affect rotting?
Apples require light to ripen, but the main factor is heat. Most fruits should stay cold to slow down the rotting process, but bananas are the opposite. Heat makes bananas ripen quicker.
No. Pink slime is just mechanically de-boned meat that has been treated with ammonia to kill bacteria. The ammonia evaporates off and is not left in the food.
What do you mean by adulteration in pulses?
Adulteration in pulses refers to the practice of mixing inferior quality or harmful substances with pure pulses to increase weight or profit. This can include the addition of cheaper grains, artificial colors, or even harmful chemicals. Adulterated pulses can pose health risks to consumers and lead to economic losses for those who rely on high-quality pulses for their livelihoods. Ensuring the purity and quality of pulses is essential for consumer safety and market integrity.
Proplast is a type of advanced polymer composite material designed for use in medical implants and devices. It is known for its biocompatibility, durability, and resistance to wear, making it suitable for applications such as joint replacements and dental prosthetics. Proplast is often used to create low-friction surfaces in orthopedic applications, enhancing the longevity of implants. Its unique properties help improve patient outcomes by reducing the risk of implant failure and complications.
What is another name for red dye?
Another name for red dye is Cochineal.
More informationThere are others. Red #2 (banned in US), Red #3 (banned in US), Red #40, Henna (hair), Lead (not desirable), Ponceau (unapproved in US) and more. See Related Links.You really need to know the source of the dye as well as the permitted use to learn its other name.
