Galileo

Eratosthenes 5th Century BCE.

The Amazon River was not discovered by Galileo using a telescope.

No: Galileo's telescope was a Galilean refractor, which is to say it has a single large object lens at the top end and a concave eye lens at the other end. This is not a popular type of telescope now because it has a small field of view, and it is only used for cheap telescopes and opera glasses.

Galileo's theorem, often referred to as the law of falling bodies, states that in the absence of air resistance, all objects fall at the same rate regardless of their mass. This principle was established by Galileo Galilei through his experiments and observations, notably the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment. He demonstrated that the acceleration due to gravity is constant for all objects, leading to the understanding that gravitational acceleration is independent of the object's weight. This laid the groundwork for classical mechanics and challenged the prevailing Aristotelian view of motion.

Galieo was the first scientist to study the night sky systematically with a telescope. One of the things he discovered was the phases of Venus, which had not been seen before.

In a telescope Venus looks like a crescent when it passes between the Earth and Sun, for a few weeks either side of its closest approach to Earth, called inferior conjunction, when it is invisible (in line with the Sun approximately). That was consistent with the old geocentric theory that placed the Earth at the centre of everything.

Galileo also discovered that when Venus is near its furthest point, superior conjunction, it shows a gibbous phase (like the Moon between half-moon and full moon). That is not explained by the geocentric theory called the Ptolemaic system, that had lasted for 1500 years, because it shows that Venus in this part of its orbit is further away from us than the Sun, which is impossible in the Ptolemaic system.

Galileo used this as a proof of Copernicus's heliocentric theory, but he was mistaken in this because Tycho Brahe had produced a geocentric theory that still had the Earth at the centre, but allowed Venus to pass behind the Sun (as seen from Earth).

It needed many further discoveries after the time of Galileo to make people realise that the heliocentric concept is the correct one. The modern system uses Kepler's model. Kepler used the Copernican idea of having the Sun at the centre, but threw out the circles and epicycles of the Copernican theory. In the modern theory based on Kepler's laws, each planet is in an elliptical orbit with the Sun occupying one focus.

It happened after Galileo published a book supporting the heliocentric theory that portrayed the Pope as a simpleton. The official view still supported the scriptural teaching that the Earth was at the centre. The church was unwilling to change its ideas until there was good evidence, which science did not have until the 18th century, so Galileo was taken to court, the lack of evidence was exposed and he recanted.

The heliocentric theory, with the Sun at the centre, was eventually accepted when the evidence for it was discovered, which happened well after Galileo's lifetime.

inductive reasoning

white man with beard. Search a picture of him.

Aristotle really didn't make any discoveries. In fact, Aristotle may have been the WRONG-EST man who ever lived. His knowledge of chemistry was laughable; his physics were primitive. Aristotle wrote that heavier objects fall faster than light ones, which Galileo proved wrong 1500 years later.

His incorrect writings about medicine and physiology may have killed more people than any other person. For example, Aristotle wrote that women have fewer teeth than men do. He was wrong. He was MARRIED; why didn't he ask his wife to open her mouth, and LOOK? Aristotle insisted that logic and philosophy outweigh evidence and experiment, which is entirely ANTI-science.

Aristotle's pig-headed ignorance, and the insistence of his followers that Aristotle must have been right because he was so famous may have retarded the development of all the sciences for two thousand years.

In astronomy, Aristotle insisted that the Sun, Moon and all the planets went around the Earth in perfect circles. Astronomers labored for 1800 years trying to figure out what sorts of circles, before finally accepting that Aristotle had been completely wrong.

The heliocentric model of the solar system has never been proven, and most likely

never will be. It's just a theory. One which does a spectacularly successful job of

explaining the motions of things that we see in the sky, and making predictions

that we find to be true when we test them.

Galileo tilted in the direction of the heliocentric theory when he turned his toy

telescope toward the sky, and saw four moons in orbit around Jupiter. Seeing

that, he said to himself "Gal !", he said, "If I can see things circling Jupiter, then

there's no reason to go on believing that everything in the sky must be circling

around the Earth. But don't let anybody else hear you saying this, because the

news will get out, and the Church will not like it."

Galileo developed an experimental apparatus called the "weighing astration" to estimate the weight of air. In this device, he balanced a sealed container filled with air against an equal weight of water. He observed that the container became lighter when air was removed, leading him to conclude that air has weight.

Galileo studied medicine at the University of Pisa before switching his focus to philosophy and mathematics. He later went on to study mathematics and astronomy at the University of Padua.

Galileo made a small telescope with which he made scientific observations which went against the prevailing consensus around the system of Ptolemy. At that time many people, including religious leaders such as Luther and Calvin believed incorrectly that the system of Ptolemy agreed with the Bible. In particular, the Roman Catholic church, which had civil, as well as ecclesiastical authority, condemned the scientific observations of Galileo as heresy, and forced him to retract them under threat of death. It also seems that it was the scientific opponents of Galileo, those who supported the system of Ptolemy and Aristotle, who stood to lose the most by being proven wrong. The Roman Catholic church of the day was thus in a sense 'used' by this group to get the findings of Galileo suppressed.

So, to put it simply, Galileo certainly demonstrated the folly of trying to marry the Bible to scientific theories which can and do become outdated. He certainly did not disprove the Bible itself, as the Bible does not support the system of Ptolemy.

Yes. Both Gallileo and Copernicus disproved the Bible's teachings that the Earth was the center of the Universe.

"The geocentric model held sway into the early modern age; from the late 16th century onward it was gradually replaced by the heliocentric model of Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler. Today, geocentric cosmology survives as a literary element within alternate history science fiction."

To put it bluntly: Without math, you wouldn't ever be able to find a website to ask this question. Math is important. There is no doubt about it. Everything we know involves mathematics. What you do, where you go, how you get there, what you eat, drink, what you write, how you write, sports you like, sports you play, how you play them, games you enjoy, and yes... sadly enough the internet, too, revolve around mathematics. Mathematics gives humans an understanding to life. Without it, much of what we know today would not exist. Now, the real question is how much math you need to get by in life. The average person probably only needs to know basic algebra (The whole a+b=c stuff). Complex mathematics, however, are what make futuristic ideas into tangeble possibilities. So, when you're debating whether you want to be the guy/gal who figures out how to open up an intergalactic vortex to some strange new world or the person who uses the device created to travel through it, do the math. :-)

The telescope was invented by Hans Lippershey, a Dutch eyeglass maker, around the early 17th century. Although the exact origin of the telescope is debated, Lippershey is often credited with its invention.

No vacuum change at the MAP sensor.