Genetic Engineering

The mitochondria and the chloroplast.

Probability is related to inheritance because in Mendel's experiments, the probabilities were important. Each time Mendel repeated the cross, he observed that the principles of probability applied to his experiment.

The base of the nucleotides

Hybridization is crossing two varieties of the same or similar species through pollination or other natural methods to create a new variety. Genetic engineering is the process of artifically inserting a gene from one species into another species to create a new trait, such as inserting a bacteria gene into corn to create resistance to a pesticide. So, though some consider them to be the same, they are not. Hybridization is a completely different process than genetic engineering.

nucleus

1. First you might die quicker 2.You have another you spying hiding here and there 3.You and the clone might get mixed up and if your clone have broke many laws they might think its you 4.It's called "Playing God" witch christians hate 5.You clone might try to kill you 6. There are thousands more but i cant stay here writing till im 100 years old

DNA is made up of genetic material.Genetic research is a popular field nowadays.

Yes...

Genetically Modified products are generally cheaper, because they are capable of yielding more fruits/grains than Non-GM plants. For example, a genetically engineered rice plants can yield five times more grain heads than non-GM rice plants. That's a VAST difference. Also, some GM plants are capable of resisting against diseases and pests, weeds and consequently, farmers don't need to use pesticide nor herbicide. Pesticide and herbicide are very costly and are a financial burden on farmers, especially those in poor countries. So when they use GM crops, they can save extra cash by not having to purchase these chemical substances. With this extra cash, farmers could plant more crop plants than usual, which equals to a bigger harvest. And hence, supplies of crops increase, meaning the prices are inclined to reduce. (bigger supply + same demand = lower prices)

Strands of genetic material floating in the nucleus is chromatin. Cytoplasm is the part of the cell that is between the cell membrane and the nucleus.

The Punnett square is a summary of one maternal allele with one paternal allele for each gene being studied in the cross.These alleles can align in an infinite number of ways, once the egg is fertilized making it not certain.

The independent orientation of chromosome tetrads in prophase I. Simplified diagram,

FM

FM

or

FM

MF

Crossing over also in prophase I.

A part of the female chromosome and a part of the male chromosome, aligned together, swap places; genetic material.

Nucleic acid

Cloning can make all the descendants of a particular line susceptible to the same possible defects and mutations.

The first step in using the polmerase chain reaction method to copy a gene is to heat a piece of DNA which separates its two strands. Then, as the DNA cools, primers bind to the single strands. Next, DNA polymerase starts copying the region between the primers. These copies can serve as templates to make still more copies.

a lab

Genetic cloning allows us to study genetic disorders in a lab environment. we can perform experiments on these cloned cells without having to endanger the patient themselves. these clones aren't humans, you can't even see them without a microscope most of the time. By performing these experiments we learn about the different processes that occur within the cell. and the more we learn about these processes the more we can do to prevent disorders that occur due to malfunctions in these processes.

it is called a mutations

it is made of a sequence of nucleotides:in DNA or RNA, these nucleotides are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil where it determines the specific amino acid sequence in the proteins,but is the biochemical of heredity and nearly universal in all organisms... DNA transfers and forms a code.

Growth hormones are something that are fed animals at most slaughter houses or dairy houses. This means that the meat, poultry or dairy you are consuming is not organic. Growth hormones make cows or chickens provide more meat, poultry or dairy by growing them artificially.

guanine color

It is called a Retrovirus HIV is an example of a Retrovirus

enzyme is nothing but the protein which is formed from DNA by translation through transcription of a particular region of the DNA . so obviously the DNA is larger than the enzyme in molecular size.