Genetic Engineering

the nucleus contains a cells genetic information

First, there is no such thing as a perfect personality. However, the easiest way to find out if someone has been seeing a psycologist or some other type of mental health professional is to wait for the appropriate time to ask that person something to the effect of "have you talked with a therapist about that?". Besides that, it takes a long time to get to know someone.

If a female frog has a genetic trait that prevents it from producing eggs the likelihood that it will spread through the frog population is impossible or very unlikely. The female frog cannot reproduce thus when she dies, so would the genetic trait.

The process of replacing a defective gene with a healthy gene is called gene therapy. Gene therapy is done by cutting genes from the DNA of healthy cells and inserting them into the DNA of defective cells and tissues.

Genetics is the study of heredity and the variation in organisms. When studying genetics, you learn about dominant and recessive traits along with much more.

Each of the two chromatids normally contains the same genetic information.

All events that result in changes in allele frequencies in populations contribute to evolution. Genetic drift likewise. Genetic drift is no different from all other reproductive variation, save that the term refers to changes that are more or less neutral.

The genetics in the cell and chemicals released by certain cells as the embryo grows.

Gene Therapy

Look at the phenotypes given in the pedigree to work forwards and backwards and figure out the genotypes to the best of your abilities (they can't always be figured out, but they can usually be narrowed down). Common genetic disorders have several patterns of inheritance. They can be dominant/recessive and then X-linked or Y-linked or autosomal. If they are codominant then it will be very obvious as there will be three possible conditions: normal, diseased, and half-diseased half-normal. Let D=disease, N=no disease, and O=no allele on the chromosome at all.

Autosomal is easier to identify.

If D is recessive, the following rules can help identify the genotypes. If D is dominant, the above rules can be modified to apply again. Just think of N as the disease and D as the normal condition.

DxN=half D, half N-->DDxND

DxN=all N-->DDxNN

NxN=quarter D, others N-->NDxND

NxN=all N-->NNxNN or NNxND

(Obviously) DxD-->all D-->DDxDD

Sex-linked is more difficult. Know that if a male expresses something, no matter whether it is dominant or recessive, that is his genotype (N or D). Females are still double-letter (NN, ND, DD). Write down the possible phenotypes of the parents and offspring. Then figure out which genotypes work, and then you can determine if D or N is recessive/dominant.

cloning is very expensive very hello

Scientists use a nucleic acid probe where scientists treat the DNA being searched with chemicals or heat to seperate the two DNA strands, then the nucleic acid probe is mixed with the single strands and the probe tags the direct DNA portion.

A sex linked trait can only be found on the x chromosome such as hemophilia, color blindness, and muscular dystrophy. These are traits that can only be inherited through chromosomes instead of regular traits coming through genes.

yas genetic matefial are activities

The genetic material of a bacterium is found floating freely in the cytoplasm.

eanch parent gives the 50 percent which is the female and the male to their offsprings, by providing them their genes and their traits to each one.

This process is sometimes called cloning because every new plant is exactly like the parent. One type of cloning uses cuttings--parts of plants that grow into new plants. Both stems and leaves can be used as cuttings. Another kind of cloning is grafting--the joining together of two plants into one. Other kinds of cloning use bulbs or tubers--underground parts that make new plants.

genetics plays a very important role in medicine. particularly in the discovery of certain rare diseases. as you may have observed, most of the rare and complicated diseases are genetic in origin. in line with this, genetics is also being used to diagnose certain diseases even before they manifest their signs and symptoms. a good example of this is newborn screening.

Genetic engineering is the artificial transplantation of Heriditary material[genes] of an organism. Genetic engineering is one of the most important field of biology.It has produced such varieties of plants and animals which can fulfill the requirements of food for 1 arge population. Genetic engineering is very important in the diagnosing of heriditary diseases e.g=Haemophilia, colour blindness e.t.c

A mutation is any change to a strand of DNA which is passed on to an organism's offspring.

DNA mutations are caused usually by chemical interactions or radiation (natural and manmade), and most are harmless.

The only ones which cause serious defects (that I know of) are changes to sperm or egg cells, stem cells (which might ultimately be responsible for the DNA and development of an entire region of your anatomy) and changes which cause cancer.

If a fetus or embryo is exposed to intense radiation, they will be at high-risk for harmful genetic mutations because their body is still developing, whereas an adult will be relatively immune since most of the time if a strand of DNA in a cell is damaged the cell just dies and is replaced.

There would be less genetic variation in humans

Genetic modification (GM) is designed to produce desired characteristics in a plant or animal by splicing a gene that has the desired characteristic directly into the genetic code of that plant or animal. It is much faster than selective breeding

The genetic code is carried in the DNA on the chromosomes.

it is a labours process

it is timeconsuming process

it required more amount of dna require 3microliter dna per sampel

it is costly